Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/Cursor for Update — различия между версиями

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Текущая версия на 10:05, 26 мая 2010

A complete example of using SELECT FOR UPDATE cursors

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table product(
  2     product_id number(4)     not null,
  3     product_description varchar2(20) not null
  4  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into product values (1,"Java");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product values (2,"Oracle");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product values (3,"C#");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product values (4,"Javascript");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product values (5,"Python");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table sec_product(
  2     product_id number(4)     not null,
  3     product_description varchar2(20) not null
  4  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> BEGIN
  2    INSERT INTO sec_product
  3      SELECT * FROM product;
  4    COMMIT;
  5  END;
  6  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> DECLARE
  2    CURSOR myCursor IS
  3      SELECT * FROM sec_product FOR UPDATE OF product_description;
  4    v_product_description VARCHAR2(20);
  5  BEGIN
  6    FOR idx IN myCursor LOOP
  7      v_product_description :=UPPER(idx.product_description);
  8      UPDATE sec_product
  9      SET product_description =v_product_description
 10      WHERE CURRENT OF myCursor;
 11    END LOOP;
 12    COMMIT;
 13  END;
 14  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> drop table product;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table sec_product;
Table dropped.


Check error code and Raise the proper error

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myraise (err_in IN INTEGER := SQLCODE,msg_in IN VARCHAR2 := SQLERRM)
  2  IS
  3  BEGIN
  4     IF err_in BETWEEN -20999 AND -20000
  5     THEN
  6        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (err_in, msg_in);
  7     ELSIF err_in > 0 AND err_in NOT IN (1, 100)
  8     THEN
  9        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20000, err_in ||"-"|| msg_in);
 10     ELSIF err_in IN (100, -1403)
 11     THEN
 12        RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
 13     ELSE
 14        DECLARE
 15           cur PLS_INTEGER := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
 16           returnValue PLS_INTEGER;
 17        BEGIN
 18           DBMS_SQL.PARSE (cur, "DECLARE myexc EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (myexc, " || TO_CHAR (err_in) || ");" || "BEGIN  RAISE myexc; END;",DBMS_SQL.NATIVE);
 19           returnValue := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE (cur);
 20           DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR (cur);
 21        END;
 22     END IF;
 23  END;
 24  /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL>


Cursor for update

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL primary key,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /

ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
  2       CURSOR employee_cur IS
  3       SELECT * FROM employee
  4       FOR UPDATE OF salary;
  5  BEGIN
  6       FOR employee_rec IN employee_cur
  7       LOOP
  8            UPDATE employee
  9            SET    salary = 10000
 10            WHERE  CURRENT OF employee_cur;
 11       END LOOP;
 12  END;
 13  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM employee;

ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06      10000 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86      10000 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90      10000 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99      10000 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98      10000 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96      10000 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98      10000 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02      10000 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.


Cursor FOR UPDATE NOWAIT

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
  5                    HIREDATE DATE,
  6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK",    7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD",  "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER",  7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981",  "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
  2     waitsecs CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := 10;
  3
  4     CURSOR emp_cur IS SELECT ename, rowid FROM emp FOR UPDATE NOWAIT;
  5     emp_rec emp_cur%ROWTYPE;
  6
  7     resource_busy EXCEPTION;
  8     PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (resource_busy, -54);
  9
 10     starttime PLS_INTEGER;
 11  BEGIN
 12     starttime := DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME;
 13     LOOP
 14        BEGIN
 15           OPEN emp_cur;
 16           EXIT;
 17        EXCEPTION
 18           WHEN resource_busy
 19           THEN
 20              IF DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME - starttime < waitsecs / 100
 21              THEN
 22                 DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP (1);
 23              ELSE
 24                 RAISE;
 25              END IF;
 26        END;
 27     END LOOP;
 28
 29     LOOP
 30        FETCH emp_cur INTO emp_rec;
 31        EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
 32        UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 1000 WHERE ROWID = emp_rec.rowid;
 33     END LOOP;
 34
 35     CLOSE emp_cur;
 36     COMMIT;
 37  END;
 38  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>


Using WHERE CURRENT OF

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
  2    v_salary  employee.salary%TYPE;
  3
  4    CURSOR c_Registeredemployee IS
  5      SELECT *
  6      FROM employee
  7      WHERE id IN ("01")
  8      FOR UPDATE OF salary;
  9
 10  BEGIN
 11    -- Set up the cursor fetch loop.
 12    v_salary := 100;
 13    FOR v_employeeInfo IN c_Registeredemployee LOOP
 14
 15
 16    -- Update the row we just retrieved from the cursor.
 17    UPDATE employee
 18      SET salary = salary + v_salary
 19      WHERE CURRENT OF c_Registeredemployee;
 20    END LOOP;
 21
 22    -- Commit our work.
 23    COMMIT;
 24  END;
 25  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>