Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/Cursor for Update
Содержание
A complete example of using SELECT FOR UPDATE cursors
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> create table product(
2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 product_description varchar2(20) not null 4 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> insert into product values (1,"Java"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (2,"Oracle"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (3,"C#"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (4,"Javascript"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (5,"Python"); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> create table sec_product(
2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 product_description varchar2(20) not null 4 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO sec_product 3 SELECT * FROM product; 4 COMMIT; 5 END; 6 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR myCursor IS 3 SELECT * FROM sec_product FOR UPDATE OF product_description; 4 v_product_description VARCHAR2(20); 5 BEGIN 6 FOR idx IN myCursor LOOP 7 v_product_description :=UPPER(idx.product_description); 8 UPDATE sec_product 9 SET product_description =v_product_description 10 WHERE CURRENT OF myCursor; 11 END LOOP; 12 COMMIT; 13 END; 14 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table product; Table dropped. SQL> drop table sec_product; Table dropped.</source>
Check error code and Raise the proper error
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myraise (err_in IN INTEGER := SQLCODE,msg_in IN VARCHAR2 := SQLERRM)
2 IS 3 BEGIN 4 IF err_in BETWEEN -20999 AND -20000 5 THEN 6 RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (err_in, msg_in); 7 ELSIF err_in > 0 AND err_in NOT IN (1, 100) 8 THEN 9 RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20000, err_in ||"-"|| msg_in); 10 ELSIF err_in IN (100, -1403) 11 THEN 12 RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND; 13 ELSE 14 DECLARE 15 cur PLS_INTEGER := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR; 16 returnValue PLS_INTEGER; 17 BEGIN 18 DBMS_SQL.PARSE (cur, "DECLARE myexc EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (myexc, " || TO_CHAR (err_in) || ");" || "BEGIN RAISE myexc; END;",DBMS_SQL.NATIVE); 19 returnValue := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE (cur); 20 DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR (cur); 21 END; 22 END IF; 23 END; 24 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL></source>
Cursor for update
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR employee_cur IS 3 SELECT * FROM employee 4 FOR UPDATE OF salary; 5 BEGIN 6 FOR employee_rec IN employee_cur 7 LOOP 8 UPDATE employee 9 SET salary = 10000 10 WHERE CURRENT OF employee_cur; 11 END LOOP; 12 END; 13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SELECT * FROM employee;
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 10000 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 10000 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 10000 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 10000 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 10000 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 10000 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 10000 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 10000 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Cursor FOR UPDATE NOWAIT
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10), 3 JOB VARCHAR2(9), 4 MGR NUMBER(4), 5 HIREDATE DATE, 6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2), 7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2), 8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 waitsecs CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := 10; 3 4 CURSOR emp_cur IS SELECT ename, rowid FROM emp FOR UPDATE NOWAIT; 5 emp_rec emp_cur%ROWTYPE; 6 7 resource_busy EXCEPTION; 8 PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (resource_busy, -54); 9 10 starttime PLS_INTEGER; 11 BEGIN 12 starttime := DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME; 13 LOOP 14 BEGIN 15 OPEN emp_cur; 16 EXIT; 17 EXCEPTION 18 WHEN resource_busy 19 THEN 20 IF DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME - starttime < waitsecs / 100 21 THEN 22 DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP (1); 23 ELSE 24 RAISE; 25 END IF; 26 END; 27 END LOOP; 28 29 LOOP 30 FETCH emp_cur INTO emp_rec; 31 EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND; 32 UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 1000 WHERE ROWID = emp_rec.rowid; 33 END LOOP; 34 35 CLOSE emp_cur; 36 COMMIT; 37 END; 38 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Using WHERE CURRENT OF
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_salary employee.salary%TYPE;
3
4 CURSOR c_Registeredemployee IS
5 SELECT *
6 FROM employee
7 WHERE id IN ("01")
8 FOR UPDATE OF salary;
9
10 BEGIN
11 -- Set up the cursor fetch loop.
12 v_salary := 100;
13 FOR v_employeeInfo IN c_Registeredemployee LOOP
14
15
16 -- Update the row we just retrieved from the cursor.
17 UPDATE employee
18 SET salary = salary + v_salary
19 WHERE CURRENT OF c_Registeredemployee;
20 END LOOP;
21
22 -- Commit our work.
23 COMMIT;
24 END;
25 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
