Oracle PL/SQL/Analytical Functions/Start With — различия между версиями

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Текущая версия на 09:55, 26 мая 2010

start connect by

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
  5                    HIREDATE DATE,
  6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK",    7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD",  "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER",  7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981",  "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select lpad( " ", (level-1)*2, " " ) || ename ename
  2         from emp
  3        start with ename = "JONES" or ename = "SCOTT"
  4      connect by prior empno = mgr
  5      /
ENAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT
  ADAMS
JONES
  SCOTT
    ADAMS
  FORD
    SMITH
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>



start with column is null

  
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
  5                    HIREDATE DATE,
  6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK",    7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD",  "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER",  7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981",  "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>  column empname format a15
SQL>  select lpad( ".", 2*level, "." ) || e.ename empname,
  2           d.dname, e.job
  3      from emp e, dept d
  4     where e.deptno = d.deptno
  5     start with e.mgr is null
  6     connect by prior e.empno = e.mgr
  7    /
EMPNAME         DNAME          JOB
--------------- -------------- ---------
..KING          ACCOUNTING     PRESIDENT
....JONES       RESEARCH       MANAGER
......SCOTT     RESEARCH       ANALYST
........ADAMS   RESEARCH       CLERK
......FORD      RESEARCH       ANALYST
........SMITH   RESEARCH       CLERK
....BLAKE       SALES          MANAGER
......ALLEN     SALES          SALESMAN
......WARD      SALES          SALESMAN
......MARTIN    SALES          SALESMAN
......TURNER    SALES          SALESMAN
......JAMES     SALES          CLERK
....CLARK       ACCOUNTING     MANAGER
......MILLER    ACCOUNTING     CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> --



START WITH mgr is null CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR empno = mgr

    
SQL>
SQL> create table emp
  2  ( empno      NUMBER(4)    constraint E_PK primary key
  3  , ename      VARCHAR2(8)
  4  , init       VARCHAR2(5)
  5  , job        VARCHAR2(8)
  6  , mgr        NUMBER(4)
  7  , bdate      DATE
  8  , sal       NUMBER(6,2)
  9  , comm       NUMBER(6,2)
 10  , deptno     NUMBER(2)    default 10
 11  ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N",   "TRAINER", 13,date "1965-12-17",  800 , NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20",  1600, 300,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" ,  "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22",  1250, 500,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM",  "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02",  2975, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P",  "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28",  1250, 1400,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R",   "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01",  2850, NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB",  "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09",  2450, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-11-26",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC",   "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17",  5000, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28",  1500, 0,     30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA",  "TRAINER", 8,date "1966-12-30",  1100, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R",   "Manager",   6,date "1969-12-03",  800 , NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG",   "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-02-13",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager",   7,date "1962-01-23",  1300, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select  ename, LEVEL
  2  from    emp
  3  START   WITH mgr is null
  4  CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR empno = mgr;
ENAME         LEVEL
-------- ----------
Peter             1
Jane              2
Smart             3
Ana               4
Fake              3
Tom               4
Black             2
Jack              3
Wil               3
Mary              3
Take              3
Jane              3
Chris             2
Mike              3
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
Источник — «http://sqle.ru/index.php?title=Oracle_PL/SQL/Analytical_Functions/Start_With&oldid=1407»