SQL Server/T-SQL Tutorial/Query/LIKE

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Any of the wildcard characters (%, _" [, ], or ?) enclosed in square brackets stand for themselves.

3>
4>
5> CREATE TABLE employee(
6>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
7>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
8>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
9>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
10>    start_Date  DATETIME,
11>    region      VARCHAR(10),
12>    city        VARCHAR(20),
13>    managerid   INTEGER
14> );
15> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "%[_]%"
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "%!_%" ESCAPE "!"
2> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO


begin with a character in the range C through F.

5> CREATE TABLE employee(
6>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
7>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
8>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
9>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
10>    start_Date  DATETIME,
11>    region      VARCHAR(10),
12>    city        VARCHAR(20),
13>    managerid   INTEGER
14> );
15> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4>
5> SELECT *
6>        FROM Employee
7>        WHERE first_name LIKE "[C-F]%"
8> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
(2 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> drop table employee;
5> GO


ESCAPE option

Any of the wildcard characters (%, _" [, ], or ?) enclosed in square brackets stand for themselves.
An equivalent feature is available through the ESCAPE option.
8>
9> CREATE TABLE employee(
10>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
11>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
12>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
13>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
14>    start_Date  DATETIME,
15>    region      VARCHAR(10),
16>    city        VARCHAR(20),
17>    managerid   INTEGER
18> );
19> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "%[_]%"
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "%!_%" ESCAPE "!"
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO
1>


Example Results that match the mask

20>
21>
22> create table Bankers(
23>    BankerID             Integer,
24>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
25>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
26>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
27>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
28>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
29>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
30>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
31> )
32> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> select * from Bankers WHERE BankerCity LIKE "SAN%"
4> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
          7 OIP Inc.             Yam                  Act                  San Franc            FG                   77777                777-777-7777
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO
1>


LIKE "DAMI[EO]N"

3> create table Bankers(
4>    BankerID             Integer,
5>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
6>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
7>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
12> )
13> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> select * from Bankers WHERE BankerContactLName LIKE "DAMI[EO]N"
4> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO
1>


LIKE is an operator that compares column values with a specified pattern.

% (percent sign) sign specifies any sequence of zero or more characters.
_(underscore) specifies any single character.

9> CREATE TABLE employee(
10>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
11>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
12>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
13>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
14>    start_Date  DATETIME,
15>    region      VARCHAR(10),
16>    city        VARCHAR(20),
17>    managerid   INTEGER
18> );
19> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "J%"
5> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
(3 rows affected)
1> drop table employee;
2> GO


LIKE "N[^K-Y]"

2>
3> create table Bankers(
4>    BankerID             Integer,
5>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
6>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
7>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
12> )
13> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> select * from Bankers WHERE BankerState LIKE "N[^K-Y]"
4> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO
1>


NOT LIKE "[1-9]%"

5> create table Bankers(
6>    BankerID             Integer,
7>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
12>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
13>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
14> )
15> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from Bankers WHERE BankerZipCode NOT LIKE "[1-9]%"
3> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
          0 GHJ Inc.             Bit                  Lee                  Ticker               MN                   00000                000-000-0000
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO
1> --use the NOT keyword before the LIKE keyword.
2>


Pattern matching with upper case string

4> CREATE TABLE employee(
5>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
6>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
7>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
8>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
9>    start_Date  DATETIME,
10>    region      VARCHAR(10),
11>    city        VARCHAR(20),
12>    managerid   INTEGER
13> );
14> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan"  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 Joan       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT RTRIM(First_Name) + " " + RTRIM(Last_Name) As Player_Found
5> FROM Employee
6> WHERE  UPPER(Last_Name) like "%i%"
7> GO
Player_Found
---------------------
Jason Martin
James Smith
Celia Rice
(3 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO


The character ^ specifies the negation of a range or a list of characters.

do not begin with the letters J, K, L, M, N, or O
7> CREATE TABLE employee(
8>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
9>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
10>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
11>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
12>    start_Date  DATETIME,
13>    region      VARCHAR(10),
14>    city        VARCHAR(20),
15>    managerid   INTEGER
16> );
17> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT *  FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "[^J-O]%"
5> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
(4 rows affected)
1> drop table employee;
2> GO


The condition column NOT LIKE "pattern" is equivalent to the condition NOT (column LIKE "pattern")

5> CREATE TABLE employee(
6>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
7>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
8>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
9>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
10>    start_Date  DATETIME,
11>    region      VARCHAR(10),
12>    city        VARCHAR(20),
13>    managerid   INTEGER
14> );
15> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT *  FROM employee WHERE first_name NOT LIKE "[^J-O]%"
5> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
(4 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT *  FROM employee WHERE  NOT ( first_name LIKE "[^J-O]%")
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
(4 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO
1>
2>


The syntax of the WHERE clause with a LIKE phrase

WHERE match_expression [NOT] LIKE pattern
Wildcard symbols
Symbol  Description
%       Matches any string of zero or more characters.
_       Matches any single character.
[ ]     Matches a single character listed within the brackets.
[ - ]   Matches a single character within the given range.
[ ^ ]   Matches a single character not listed after the caret.


The use of the wildcard characters % and_.

7> CREATE TABLE employee(
8>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
9>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
10>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
11>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
12>    start_Date  DATETIME,
13>    region      VARCHAR(10),
14>    city        VARCHAR(20),
15>    managerid   INTEGER
16> );
17> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, NULL  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 NULL       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE first_name LIKE "_a%"
4> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
(4 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO


use LIKE to retrieve rows that match a string pattern.

5>
6>
7> create table Bankers(
8>    BankerID             Integer,
9>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
12>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
13>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
14>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
15>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
16> )
17> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> select * from Bankers WHERE BankerState LIKE "N[A-J]"
4> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO


Use two variables in like function

3> create table Bankers(
4>    BankerID             Integer,
5>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
6>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
7>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
12> )
13> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> DECLARE @alpha nchar(1), @endalpha nchar(1)
5> SET @alpha = "c"
6> SET @endalpha = "o"
7> SELECT *
8> FROM Bankers
9> WHERE BankerName LIKE @alpha + "%" + @endalpha
10> GO
BankerID    BankerName           BankerContactLName   BankerContactFName   BankerCity           BankerState          BankerZipCode        BankerPhone
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Bankers;
3> GO
1>
2>


Using Wildcards with LIKE and "_"

5>
6> CREATE TABLE employee(
7>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
8>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
9>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
10>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
11>    start_Date  DATETIME
12> );
13> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan"  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> select * from employee;
2> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -----------------------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000
          9 Joan       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT ID,
5> first_Name
6> FROM employee
7> WHERE first_Name LIKE "%/_____%" ESCAPE "/"
8> GO
ID          first_Name
----------- ----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO