Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Table/Primary Key
Содержание
- 1 All columns as primary key
- 2 Alter table to insert primary key
- 3 Create a table with primary key, VARCHAR type column and date type column with default value
- 4 One to many using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship
- 5 One-to-one using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship
- 6 Try to add two primary keys to one table
- 7 Use combined column as the primary key
- 8 Use three columns as primary key
All columns as primary key
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table keywords
2 ( word varchar2(50), 3 position int, 4 doc_id int, 5 primary key(word,position,doc_id) 6 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> drop table keywords; Table dropped.</source>
Alter table to insert primary key
<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE department (
2 dept_id INTEGER, 3 dept_name VARCHAR2(32));
SQL> SQL> ALTER TABLE department
2 ADD CONSTRAINT pk_dept PRIMARY KEY (dept_id);
Table altered.
SQL> SQL> drop table department; Table dropped.</source>
Create a table with primary key, VARCHAR type column and date type column with default value
<source lang="sql">
CREATE TABLE myTable (
2 id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 3 status VARCHAR2(10), 4 last_modified DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE 5 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> desc myTable;
Name Null? Type ID NOT NULL NUMBER(38) STATUS VARCHAR2(10) LAST_MODIFIED DATE
SQL> SQL> drop table myTable; Table dropped.</source>
One to many using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE Programmer
2 (lect_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, 3 lect_name VARCHAR2(20), 4 PRIMARY KEY (lect_id));
Table created. SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE Course
2 (course_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, 3 course_name VARCHAR2(20), 4 lect_id VARCHAR(10), 5 PRIMARY KEY (course_id), 6 FOREIGN KEY (lect_id) REFERENCES Programmer (lect_id) 7 ON DELETE CASCADE);
Table created. SQL> SQL> drop table Programmer cascade constraints; Table dropped. SQL> drop table Course cascade constraints; Table dropped.</source>
One-to-one using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE Office
2 (office_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, 3 building_name VARCHAR2(20), 4 PRIMARY KEY (office_id));
Table created. SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE Programmer
2 (lect_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, 3 lect_name VARCHAR2(20), 4 office_id VARCHAR2(10), 5 PRIMARY KEY (lect_id), 6 FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Office (office_id) 7 ON DELETE CASCADE);
Table created. SQL> SQL> drop table Office cascade constraints; Table dropped. SQL> drop table Programmer cascade constraints; Table dropped.</source>
Try to add two primary keys to one table
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> alter table employee
2 add constraint emp_pk 3 primary key( id );
primary key( id )
ERROR at line 3: ORA-02260: table can have only one primary key
SQL> SQL> desc employee;
Name Null? Type
ID NOT NULL VARCHAR2(4) FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(10) LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(10) START_DATE DATE END_DATE DATE SALARY NUMBER(8,2) CITY VARCHAR2(10) DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(15)
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Use combined column as the primary key
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table myTable(
2 id number(6) not null, 3 salary number(8,2), 4 hire_date date default sysdate, 5 termination_date date, 6 termination_desc varchar2(4000), 7 constraint emphistory_pk primary key (id, hire_date) 8 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> describe myTable;
Name Null? Type
ID NOT NULL NUMBER(6) SALARY NUMBER(8,2) HIRE_DATE NOT NULL DATE TERMINATION_DATE DATE TERMINATION_DESC VARCHAR2(4000)
SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table myTable; Table dropped.</source>
Use three columns as primary key
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table registrations
2 ( attendee NUMBER(4) 3 , course VARCHAR2(6) 4 , begindate DATE 5 , evaluation NUMBER(1) 6 , constraint R_PK primary key (attendee,course,begindate) 7 ) ;
Table created. SQL> SQL> insert into registrations values (2,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (14,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (6,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (11,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",2 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (8,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (9,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",3 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (13,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (13,"SQL",date "2009-12-13",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (6,"SQL",date "2009-12-13",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (3,"OAU",date "2009-08-10",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> select evaluation
2 from registrations 3 where attendee = 8 4 order by evaluation;
EVALUATION
SQL> SQL> drop table registrations; Table dropped.</source>