Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/System Tables Data Dictionary/user constraints

Материал из SQL эксперт
Перейти к: навигация, поиск

Getting Information on Constraints

You can get information on your constraints by querying user_constraints.



   <source lang="sql">

SQL> desc user_constraints;

Name                Null?    Type
--------------------
OWNER               NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_NAME     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_TYPE              VARCHAR2(1)   --Constraint type. Set to P, R, C, U, V, or O.
TABLE_NAME          NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SEARCH_CONDITION             LONG
R_OWNER                      VARCHAR2(30)
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME            VARCHAR2(30)
DELETE_RULE                  VARCHAR2(9)
STATUS                       VARCHAR2(8)  --Constraint status. Set to ENABLED or DISABLED.
DEFERRABLE                   VARCHAR2(14) --Whether the constraint is deferrable. Set to DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE.
DEFERRED                     VARCHAR2(9)  --Whether the deferred. Set to IMMEDIATE or DEFERRED.
VALIDATED                    VARCHAR2(13)
GENERATED                    VARCHAR2(14)
BAD                          VARCHAR2(3)
RELY                         VARCHAR2(4)
LAST_CHANGE                  DATE
INDEX_OWNER                  VARCHAR2(30)
INDEX_NAME                   VARCHAR2(30)
INVALID                      VARCHAR2(7)
VIEW_RELATED                 VARCHAR2(14)</source>
   
  

Getting Information on View Constraints

You get information on view constraints from user_constraints



   <source lang="sql">

SQL> desc user_constraints;

Name                    Null?    Type
------------------------
OWNER                   NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_NAME         NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_TYPE                  VARCHAR2(1)
TABLE_NAME              NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SEARCH_CONDITION                 LONG
R_OWNER                          VARCHAR2(30)
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME                VARCHAR2(30)
DELETE_RULE                      VARCHAR2(9)
STATUS                           VARCHAR2(8)
DEFERRABLE                       VARCHAR2(14)
DEFERRED                         VARCHAR2(9)
VALIDATED                        VARCHAR2(13)
GENERATED                        VARCHAR2(14)
BAD                              VARCHAR2(3)
RELY                             VARCHAR2(4)
LAST_CHANGE                      DATE
INDEX_OWNER                      VARCHAR2(30)
INDEX_NAME                       VARCHAR2(30)
INVALID                          VARCHAR2(7)
VIEW_RELATED                     VARCHAR2(14)

SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(

 2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
 3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 5    Start_Date         DATE,
 6    End_Date           DATE,
 7    Salary             Number(8,2),
 8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10  )
11  /

Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee

 2  /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION


---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE VIEW myView AS

 2  SELECT *
 3  FROM employee
 4  WITH READ ONLY CONSTRAINT my_view_read_only;

View created. SQL> SQL> SELECT

 2   constraint_name, constraint_type, status, deferrable, deferred
 3  FROM user_constraints
 4  WHERE table_name IN ("MYVIEW");

CONSTRAINT_NAME C STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED


- -------- -------------- ---------

MY_VIEW_READ_ONLY O ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee

 2  /

Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>


Query table constraint type by querying user_constraints table

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> select table_name

 2  ,        constraint_name
 3  ,        case constraint_type
 4                when "P" then "PRIKEY"
 5                when "U" then "UNIQUE"
 6                when "C" then " CHECK"
 7                when "R" then "FORKEY"
 8                         else " OTHER"
 9           end  as type
10  ,        status
11  from     user_constraints
12  order by table_name
13  ,        type;

TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME TYPE STATUS


------------------------------ ------ --------

AVAIL_TRACE_FILES AVAIL_TRACE_FILES_PK PRIKEY ENABLED BIN$50P9fUVyS3CVhoJ8p86aww==$0 BIN$VMcdepmcR4ug/22rvF+1xw==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$50P9fUVyS3CVhoJ8p86aww==$0 BIN$CiI/tY7QTzCYPzbRan2qug==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$50P9fUVyS3CVhoJ8p86aww==$0 BIN$5CEHm8aoQI+QEJVhy5P0cQ==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$50P9fUVyS3CVhoJ8p86aww==$0 BIN$Sub47Nl/TUy+yxXOAxEVEQ==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$9NVb8X4RQD++Dre0uN5ukA==$0 BIN$uyol6urWTla+zIWnSplRmg==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$9NVb8X4RQD++Dre0uN5ukA==$0 BIN$I9xRa3jJSBSAauBv1trS8g==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$9NVb8X4RQD++Dre0uN5ukA==$0 BIN$wgvs7nkURFWztU+b57HYPQ==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$9NVb8X4RQD++Dre0uN5ukA==$0 BIN$CtIz0hnsSXqaJPY8sw0+pQ==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$9NVb8X4RQD++Dre0uN5ukA==$0 BIN$E2ZL/AWfSmCZCAacajsefw==$0 UNIQUE ENABLED BIN$A2IWocWXS/mUCrAdQt9RoQ==$0 BIN$fYL/DxaDSy6P6z8F7l8h/w==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$A2IWocWXS/mUCrAdQt9RoQ==$0 BIN$wyDlgiD/SrSprbYY1MWd1w==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$A2IWocWXS/mUCrAdQt9RoQ==$0 BIN$dqIBTtLSTa+MD7AIx3qdPg==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$A2IWocWXS/mUCrAdQt9RoQ==$0 BIN$NKGL/hLdS12D4ts14Ddtww==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$cVJWgW8YSn6s3cAxBuliGQ==$0 BIN$rsD6uhRWQV6vdE3Z9UV2RA==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$cVJWgW8YSn6s3cAxBuliGQ==$0 BIN$aL7CwqNTQHGbCUdghbAD1Q==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$cVJWgW8YSn6s3cAxBuliGQ==$0 BIN$AfKMoPrLTt+44vfSMnIUGQ==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$cVJWgW8YSn6s3cAxBuliGQ==$0 BIN$823WYDmCQ3iD6DihooQkPw==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$cVJWgW8YSn6s3cAxBuliGQ==$0 BIN$hRwWn2gTQrGr8ley9ne59w==$0 PRIKEY ENABLED BIN$qf21D14XRemOOpMbQAFcmA==$0 BIN$qv1rrdw5QruTMJ4OO+NEsg==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$qf21D14XRemOOpMbQAFcmA==$0 BIN$Y1rnbAPqQhulusWZAN8UlA==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$qf21D14XRemOOpMbQAFcmA==$0 BIN$T94dKQiqS2SwPcQ+SJCMVA==$0 CHECK ENABLED BIN$qf21D14XRemOOpMbQAFcmA==$0 BIN$Z6p5I0ZiQAS94s0pILt7Uw==$0 CHECK ENABLED DDL_AUDIT SYS_C004381 CHECK ENABLED DDL_AUDIT SYS_C004378 CHECK ENABLED DDL_AUDIT SYS_C004379 CHECK ENABLED DDL_AUDIT SYS_C004380 CHECK ENABLED HAZARD_LEVEL_T SYS_C004621 CHECK ENABLED HAZARD_LEVEL_T SYS_C004617 CHECK ENABLED HAZARD_LEVEL_T SYS_C004620 CHECK ENABLED HAZARD_LEVEL_T SYS_C004619 CHECK ENABLED HAZARD_LEVEL_T SYS_C004618 CHECK ENABLED HOME_ADDRESS_LIST SYS_C004533 PRIKEY ENABLED HOME_ADDRESS_LIST SYS_C004534 UNIQUE ENABLED I1 SYS_C005790 PRIKEY ENABLED I2 SYS_C005791 PRIKEY ENABLED MAP SYS_C005793 FORKEY ENABLED MAP SYS_C005794 FORKEY ENABLED MAP SYS_C005792 PRIKEY ENABLED P SYS_C006768 PRIKEY ENABLED PUBLICATION PUBLICATION_PK PRIKEY ENABLED SITE_TAB SYS_C004442 CHECK ENABLED SITE_TAB SYS_C004441 CHECK ENABLED WORKING_CUSTOMERS SYS_C006546 CHECK ENABLED WORKING_CUSTOMERS SYS_C006545 CHECK ENABLED 45 rows selected. SQL></source>


Query user_constraints for constraint_type = "V"

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> SQL> SQL> create table employees(

 2    empno      NUMBER(4)
 3  , ename      VARCHAR2(8)
 4  , init       VARCHAR2(5)
 5  , job        VARCHAR2(8)
 6  , mgr        NUMBER(4)
 7  , bdate      DATE
 8  , msal       NUMBER(6,2)
 9  , comm       NUMBER(6,2)
10  , deptno     NUMBER(2) ) ;

Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace view dept20_v as

 2  select * from employees where deptno=20 with check option;

View created. SQL> SQL> select constraint_name, table_name

 2  from   user_constraints
 3  where  constraint_type = "V";

CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME


------------------------------

SYS_C007091 DEPT20_V 1 row selected. SQL> SQL> drop table employees; Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>


Query user_constraints with constraint_type = "R"

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> SQL> SQL> create table registrations

 2  ( attendee    NUMBER(4)
 3  , course      VARCHAR2(6)
 4  , begindate   DATE
 5  , evaluation  NUMBER(1)) ;

Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into registrations values (1, "SQL",date "1999-04-12",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (2, "SQL",date "1999-12-13",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (3, "SQL",date "1999-12-13",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (4, "OAU",date "1999-08-10",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (5, "OAU",date "2000-09-27",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (6, "JAV",date "1999-12-13",2 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (7, "JAV",date "2000-02-01",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (8, "JAV",date "2000-02-01",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (9, "XML",date "2000-02-03",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (10,"XML",date "2000-02-03",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (1, "PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (2, "PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (3, "PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> alter table registrations

 2  add  (entered_by number(4) default 7839 not null);

Table altered. SQL> SQL> select table_name

 2  ,      constraint_name
 3  ,      status
 4  ,      r_constraint_name as references
 5  from   user_constraints
 6  where  constraint_type = "R";

TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME STATUS


------------------------------ --------

REFERENCES


MAP SYS_C005794 ENABLED SYS_C005791 MAP SYS_C005793 ENABLED SYS_C005790

SQL> SQL> drop table registrations; Table dropped.</source>