Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Query Select/CONNECT
CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4) 3 , ename VARCHAR2(8) 4 , init VARCHAR2(5) 5 , job VARCHAR2(8) 6 , mgr NUMBER(4) 7 , bdate DATE 8 , msal NUMBER(6,2) 9 , comm NUMBER(6,2) 10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select ename, LEVEL
2 from employees
3 START WITH mgr is null
4 CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR empno = mgr;
last_name LEVEL
------
Pink 1 Yellow 2 White 3 Red 4 Black 5 Joe 6 Mary 7 Jord 8 Jerry 9 Jason 10 10 rows selected. SQL> SQL> drop table employees; Table dropped. SQL></source>
Employee level
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4) 3 , ename VARCHAR2(8) 4 , init VARCHAR2(5) 5 , job VARCHAR2(8) 6 , mgr NUMBER(4) 7 , bdate DATE 8 , msal NUMBER(6,2) 9 , comm NUMBER(6,2) 10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select lpad(" ",2*level-1)||ename as ename
2 from employees
3 start with mgr is null
4 connect by nocycle prior empno = mgr;
last_name
Pink
Yellow
White
Red
Black
Joe
Mary
Jord
Jer
ry
J
ason
10 rows selected. SQL> SQL> drop table employees; Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
start with job = "MANAGER" and connect by prior
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> column full_path format a40 SQL> SQL> SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4) 3 , ename VARCHAR2(8) 4 , init VARCHAR2(5) 5 , job VARCHAR2(8) 6 , mgr NUMBER(4) 7 , bdate DATE 8 , msal NUMBER(6,2) 9 , comm NUMBER(6,2) 10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select ename
2 , connect_by_root ename as manager
3 , sys_connect_by_path(ename," > ") as full_path
4 from employees
5 start with job = "MANAGER"
6 connect by prior empno = mgr;
last_name MANAGER FULL_PATH
-------- ----------------------------------------
Mary Mary > Mary Jord Mary > Mary > Jord Jerry Mary > Mary > Jord > Jerry Jason Mary > Mary > Jord > Jerry > Jason Black Black > Black Joe Black > Black > Joe Mary Black > Black > Joe > Mary Jord Black > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord Jerry Black > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord > Jerry Jason Black > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord > Jerry > J
ason
Red Red > Red Black Red > Red > Black Joe Red > Red > Black > Joe Mary Red > Red > Black > Joe > Mary Jord Red > Red > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord Jerry Red > Red > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord > Jer
ry
last_name MANAGER FULL_PATH
-------- ----------------------------------------
Jason Red > Red > Black > Joe > Mary > Jord > Jer
ry > Jason
17 rows selected. SQL> SQL> drop table employees; Table dropped. SQL></source>
