Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/PL SQL Statements/Rollback Commit
Содержание
Adding a Partial Rollback
In a partial rollback, Oracle allows you to insert a marker in the transaction.
This marker is called the savepoint.
You may roll back the most recent changes in the transaction.
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> begin
2 update employee set salary = 0; 3 savepoint SaveDept10Update; 4 update employee set salary = 100 where id ="01"; 5 update employee set salary = 200 where id ="02"; 6 7 Rollback to SaveDept10Update; 8 9 end; 10 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 0 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 0 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 0 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 0 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 0 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 0 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 0 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 0 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
A Full, Explicit Rollback
Explicit rollbacks occur when you use the command ROLLBACK.
The rollback may be full or partial.
A full rollback of the whole transaction
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> begin
2 update employee set salary = 1; 3 update employee set salary = 0 where id ="01"; 4 5 rollback; 6 end; 7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Firing explicit and implicit commits
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> --An Explicit Commit
begin
update ...; update ...; insert ... commit;
end;</source>
Implicit commits
Implicit commits fire automatically when you use any DDL commands that create, alter, or delete any database objects.
An implicit commit is also executed when you send a request to terminate a session in any one of a number of ways, such as using the EXIT command in SQL*Plus or closing your connection.
22. 13. Rollback Commit 22. 13. 1. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/AddingaPartialRollback.htm">Adding a Partial Rollback</a> 22. 13. 2. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/UserollbackinPLSQL.htm">Use rollback in PL/SQL</a> 22. 13. 3. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/Rollbackinexceptionhandler.htm">Roll back in exception handler</a> 22. 13. 4. Implicit commits 22. 13. 5. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/AFullExplicitRollback.htm">A Full, Explicit Rollback</a> 22. 13. 6. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/Firingexplicitandimplicitcommits.htm">Firing explicit and implicit commits</a>
Roll back in exception handler
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 12, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 66, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 25, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 37, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 23, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 43,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 12,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 12 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 66 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 25 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 37 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 23 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 43 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 12 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
3 v_id EMPLOYEE.id%TYPE := "07";
4 BEGIN
5 SELECT salary
6 INTO v_salary
7 FROM EMPLOYEE
8 WHERE id = v_id;
9
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Starting salary: "||v_salary);
11
12 IF v_salary < 40
13 THEN
14 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("less than 40");
15 ELSIF v_salary BETWEEN 40 AND 50
16 THEN
17 v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10);
18
19 UPDATE EMPLOYEE
20 SET salary = v_salary
21 WHERE id = v_id;
22 ELSIF v_salary > 50
23 THEN
24 v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10);
25
26 UPDATE EMPLOYEE
27 SET salary = v_salary
28 WHERE id = v_id;
29 END IF;
30
31 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Ending salary: "||v_salary);
32
33 ROLLBACK;
34 EXCEPTION
35 WHEN OTHERS
36 THEN
37 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
38 ROLLBACK;
39 END;
40 /
Starting salary: 78 Ending salary: 70.2 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Use rollback in PL/SQL
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE), 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_count NUMBER(10) := 0; 3 4 BEGIN 5 6 SELECT count(1) 7 INTO v_count 8 FROM employee 9 WHERE id = 5; 10 11 IF v_count = 0 12 THEN 13 INSERT INTO employee (id, first_name, last_name) 14 VALUES (5, "Randy", "Stauf"); 15 END IF; 16 ROLLBACK; 17 EXCEPTION 18 WHEN OTHERS 19 THEN 20 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); 21 END; 22 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
