Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/PL SQL Statements/RAISE

Check condition first, then raise exception

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,

 2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
 3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
 4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
 5                    HIREDATE DATE,
 6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
 7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
 8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER secure_del_trigger

 2     BEFORE DELETE
 3     ON emp
 4     FOR EACH ROW
 5  DECLARE
 6     unauthorized_deletion EXCEPTION;
 7  BEGIN
 8     IF 1 = 1
 9     THEN
10        RAISE unauthorized_deletion;
11     END IF;
12  EXCEPTION
13     WHEN unauthorized_deletion
14     THEN
15        raise_application_error (-20500, "This record cannot be deleted");
16  END;
17  /

Trigger created. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped.</source>

Define local exceptioon variable.

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SQL> SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000 SQL> SQL> -- Build an anonymous block that will trigger an error. SQL> DECLARE

 2
 3
 4    my_error          EXCEPTION;
 5    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(my_error,-20001);
 6
 7  BEGIN
 8
 9    -- Raise the exception.
10    RAISE my_error;
11
12  EXCEPTION
13
14    WHEN my_error THEN
15      dbms_output.put_line("RAISE my_error"||CHR(10)
16                           ||"SQLCODE ["||SQLCODE||"]"||CHR(10)
17                           ||"SQLERRM ["||SQLERRM
18                           ||"User defined error.]");
19
20  END;
21  /

RAISE my_error SQLCODE [-20001] SQLERRM [ORA-20001: User defined error.] PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL></source>

Raise the exception.

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 1000000 SQL> SQL> -- Build an anonymous block that will trigger an error. SQL> DECLARE

 2
 3    -- Define local exceptioon variable.
 4    my_error          EXCEPTION;
 5
 6  BEGIN
 7
 8
 9    RAISE my_error;
10
11  EXCEPTION
12
13    WHEN others THEN
14      dbms_output.put_line("RAISE my_error"||CHR(10)
15                           ||"SQLCODE ["||SQLCODE||"]"||CHR(10)
16                           ||"SQLERRM ["||SQLERRM||"]");
17
18  END;
19  /

RAISE my_error SQLCODE [1] SQLERRM [User-Defined Exception] PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL></source>

Re-raise the exception to indicate there is a problem

   <source lang="sql">

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE execDDL (ddl_string IN VARCHAR2)

 2     AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS
 3  BEGIN
 4     EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ddl_string;
 5  EXCEPTION
 6     WHEN OTHERS
 7     THEN
 8
 9        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("Dynamic SQL Failure: " || SQLERRM);
10        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("   on statement: "" || ddl_string || """);
11
12        RAISE;
13  END;
14  /

Procedure created. SQL> SQL></source>