Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/Implicit Cursor
Содержание
- 1 Adding an Exception Handler to a CURSOR FOR Loop
- 2 Declare and use a cursor in for loop
- 3 Handling exceptions in implicit cursors
- 4 Implicit Cursor Attributes Example: SQL%ROWCOUNT
- 5 Implicit Cursor Attributes: SQL%NOTFOUND
- 6 Implicit Cursor: No rows found
- 7 Implicit cursor open, fetch and close
- 8 Implicit Cursor: Too many rows
- 9 %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND variables aren"t useful at all in CURSOR FOR loops
- 10 Knowing what record is processing
- 11 Looping through a Cursor by Using the LOOP Command
- 12 NO_DATA_FOUND Exception vs. %NOTFOUND
- 13 Returning an implicit cursor into a record
- 14 Taking a Shortcut with CURSOR FOR Loops
- 15 Test cursor attributes with an implicit cursor
- 16 The Difference between Explicit and Implicit Cursors
- 17 Use implicit or explicit cursor to insert 50000 rows to a table
- 18 Use %ROWCOUNT to detect what record you are processing at a given point
Adding an Exception Handler to a CURSOR FOR Loop
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_emp (ci_deptNo NUMBER) is 3 select id, salary, first_Name 4 from employee 5 where id = ci_deptNo 6 order by city; --helps ID failure point 7 v_empNo NUMBER; 8 begin 9 for r_emp in c_emp(10) loop 10 v_empNo := r_emp.id; --record identifier 11 -- something that could fail #1 12 end loop; 13 exception 14 when others then 15 raise_application_error 16 (-20999,"Update failed on the emp#"||v_empNo||" with error :"||sqlerrm); 17 end; 18 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Declare and use a cursor in for loop
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> begin
2 for cur1 in (select * from EMPLOYEE) loop 3 dbms_output.put_line(cur1.ID || " is a value in EMPLOYEE"); 4 end loop; 5 end; 6 /
01 is a value in EMPLOYEE 02 is a value in EMPLOYEE 03 is a value in EMPLOYEE 04 is a value in EMPLOYEE 05 is a value in EMPLOYEE 06 is a value in EMPLOYEE 07 is a value in EMPLOYEE 08 is a value in EMPLOYEE PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Handling exceptions in implicit cursors
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace function f_getdName (in_No VARCHAR)
2 return VARCHAR2 is v_out employee.first_Name%TYPE; 3 begin 4 select first_Name into v_out 5 from employee 6 where id = in_No; 7 return v_out; 8 exception 9 when no_data_found then 10 return "NO SUCH DEPARTMENT"; 11 end f_getdName; 12 /
Function created. SQL> SQL> select f_getdName ("01") from dual; F_GETDNAME("01")
Jason SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Implicit Cursor Attributes Example: SQL%ROWCOUNT
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> BEGIN
2 UPDATE employee SET salary = 100 WHERE id = "01";
3 -- If the previous UPDATE statement didn"t match any rows,
4 -- insert a new row into the rooms table.
5 IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
6 INSERT INTO employee (id, salary) VALUES ("99", 100);
7 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0");
8 END IF;
9 END;
10 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 100 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Implicit Cursor Attributes: SQL%NOTFOUND
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> BEGIN
2 UPDATE employee SET salary = 100 WHERE id = "01";
3 -- If the previous UPDATE statement didn"t match any rows,
4 -- insert a new row into the rooms table.
5 IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
6 INSERT INTO employee (id, salary) VALUES ("99", 100);
7 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("not found");
8 END IF;
9 END;
10 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 100 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Implicit Cursor: No rows found
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7), 3 last_name VARCHAR2(25), 4 first_name VARCHAR2(25), 5 userid VARCHAR2(8), 6 start_date DATE, 7 comments VARCHAR2(255), 8 manager_id NUMBER(7), 9 title VARCHAR2(25), 10 department_id NUMBER(7), 11 salary NUMBER(11, 2), 12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2) 13 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 empRecord employee%ROWTYPE;
3 BEGIN
4 SELECT * INTO empRecord
5 FROM employee
6 WHERE employee_id = 999;
7 EXCEPTION
8 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("No Employee Record Found.");
10 WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
11 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("More Than One Employee Record Found.");
12 WHEN OTHERS THEN
13 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Unknown Error.");
14 END;
15 /
No Employee Record Found. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table employee; Table dropped.</source>
Implicit cursor open, fetch and close
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR c_employees is SELECT * from employee;
3
4 BEGIN -- implicit cursor open
5 FOR emp_record in c_employees loop -- implicit cursor fetch
6
7 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("emp_record.id: " || emp_record.id);
8 END LOOP; -- implicit cursor close
9 COMMIT;
10 END;
11 /
emp_record.id: 01 emp_record.id: 02 emp_record.id: 03 emp_record.id: 04 emp_record.id: 05 emp_record.id: 06 emp_record.id: 07 emp_record.id: 08 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Implicit Cursor: Too many rows
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7), 3 last_name VARCHAR2(25), 4 first_name VARCHAR2(25), 5 userid VARCHAR2(8), 6 start_date DATE, 7 comments VARCHAR2(255), 8 manager_id NUMBER(7), 9 title VARCHAR2(25), 10 department_id NUMBER(7), 11 salary NUMBER(11, 2), 12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2) 13 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 empRecord employee%ROWTYPE;
3 BEGIN
4 SELECT * INTO empRecord
5 FROM employee;
6 EXCEPTION
7 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
8 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("No Employee Record Found.");
9 WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("More Than One Employee Record Found.");
11 WHEN OTHERS THEN
12 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Unknown Error.");
13 END;
14 /
More Than One Employee Record Found. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
%ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND variables aren"t useful at all in CURSOR FOR loops
The CURSOR FOR loop is always closed before and after the loop and open inside the loop.
There is no reason to ever use %ISOPEN.
Inside the loop, records are always found, so %FOUND is always true inside the loop.
Outside the loop, %FOUND, %NOT FOUND would return an error.
25. 8. Implicit Cursor 25. 8. 1. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/TakingaShortcutwithCURSORFORLoops.htm">Taking a Shortcut with CURSOR FOR Loops</a> 25. 8. 2. %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND variables aren"t useful at all in CURSOR FOR loops 25. 8. 3. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/ImplicitCursorAttributesSQLNOTFOUND.htm">Implicit Cursor Attributes: SQL%NOTFOUND</a> 25. 8. 4. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/ImplicitCursorAttributesExampleSQLROWCOUNT.htm">Implicit Cursor Attributes Example: SQL%ROWCOUNT</a> 25. 8. 5. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/NODATAFOUNDExceptionvsNOTFOUND.htm">NO_DATA_FOUND Exception vs. %NOTFOUND</a> 25. 8. 6. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/LoopingthroughaCursorbyUsingtheLOOPCommand.htm">Looping through a Cursor by Using the LOOP Command</a> 25. 8. 7. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/AddinganExceptionHandlertoaCURSORFORLoop.htm">Adding an Exception Handler to a CURSOR FOR Loop</a> 25. 8. 8. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Knowingwhatrecordisprocessing.htm">Knowing what record is processing</a> 25. 8. 9. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/UseROWCOUNTtodetectwhatrecordyouareprocessingatagivenpoint.htm">Use %ROWCOUNT to detect what record you are processing at a given point</a> 25. 8. 10. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Declareanduseacursorinforloop.htm">Declare and use a cursor in for loop</a> 25. 8. 11. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Implicitcursoropenfetchandclose.htm">Implicit cursor open, fetch and close</a> 25. 8. 12. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Handlingexceptionsinimplicitcursors.htm">Handling exceptions in implicit cursors</a> 25. 8. 13. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Returninganimplicitcursorintoarecord.htm">Returning an implicit cursor into a record</a> 25. 8. 14. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/TheDifferencebetweenExplicitandImplicitCursors.htm">The Difference between Explicit and Implicit Cursors</a> 25. 8. 15. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/ImplicitCursorToomanyrows.htm">Implicit Cursor: Too many rows</a> 25. 8. 16. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/ImplicitCursorNorowsfound.htm">Implicit Cursor: No rows found</a> 25. 8. 17. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Useimplicitorexplicitcursortoinsert50000rowstoatable.htm">Use implicit or explicit cursor to insert 50000 rows to a table</a> 25. 8. 18. <A href="/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Testcursorattributeswithanimplicitcursor.htm">Test cursor attributes with an implicit cursor</a>
Knowing what record is processing
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 v_recordCount NUMBER;
3 cursor c1 is select * from employee;
4 begin
5 for r in c1 loop
6 v_recordCount:=c1%rowcount;
7 -- do something
8 end loop;
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("Rows processed:"||v_recordCount);
10 end;
11 /
Rows processed:8 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Looping through a Cursor by Using the LOOP Command
<source lang="sql">
-- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 begin
3 for r_emp in (select * from employee where id = 10) loop
4 update employee set salary = salary * 1.5 where id = r_emp.id;
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("Emp "|| r_emp.first_Name||" - salary change:"||r_emp.salary||"-->"||r_emp.salary*1.5);
6 end loop;
7 end;
8 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
NO_DATA_FOUND Exception vs. %NOTFOUND
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 -- Record to hold room information.
3 v_Data employee%ROWTYPE;
4 BEGIN
5 -- Retrieve information about room ID -1.
6 SELECT *
7 INTO v_Data
8 FROM employee
9 WHERE id = "-1";
10
11 -- The following statement will never be executed, since
12 -- control passes immediately to the exception handler.
13 IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
14 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("SQL%NOTFOUND");
15 END IF;
16 EXCEPTION
17 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
18 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("NO_DATA_FOUND");
19 END;
20 /
NO_DATA_FOUND PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Returning an implicit cursor into a record
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> Using the %ROWTYPE Clause on the Table Name SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 r_emp employee%ROWTYPE; 3 begin 4 select * into r_emp from employee where id = "01"; 5 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(r_emp.first_Name); 6 end; 7 /
Jason PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Taking a Shortcut with CURSOR FOR Loops
If something goes wrong inside the CURSOR FOR loop, Oracle closes the cursor.
The exception can affect your procedural logic.
The following example compares CURSOR FOR loops to cursors with the LOOP command.
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> --Looping through a Cursor by Using the LOOP Command SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_emp (ci_deptNo NUMBER) is
3 select * from employee where id = ci_deptNo;
4 r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
5 begin
6 open c_emp(10);
7 loop
8 fetch c_emp into r_emp;
9 exit when c_emp%NOTFOUND;
10 update employee
11 set salary=salary*1.5
12 where id=r_emp.id;
13 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("Emp "||r_emp.first_Name||" - salary change:"||r_emp.salary||"->"||r_emp.salary*1.5);
14 end loop;
15 close c_emp;
16 end;
17 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> --Looping through a Cursor by Using a CURSOR FOR Loop SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_emp (ci_deptNo NUMBER) is
3 select * from employee where id = ci_deptNo;
4 begin
5 for r_emp in c_emp(10) loop
6 update employee
7 set salary=salary*1.5
8 where id = r_emp.id;
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("Emp "|| r_emp.first_Name||" - salary change:"||r_emp.salary||"-->"||r_emp.salary*1.5);
10 end loop;
11 end;
12 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Test cursor attributes with an implicit cursor
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE book (
2 isbn CHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY, 3 category VARCHAR2(20), 4 title VARCHAR2(100), 5 num_pages NUMBER, 6 price NUMBER, 7 copyright NUMBER(4), 8 emp1 NUMBER, 9 emp2 NUMBER, 10 emp3 NUMBER 11 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO book (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2, emp3)
2 VALUES ("1", "Database", "Oracle", 563, 39.99, 2009, 1, 2, 3);
1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO book (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2)
2 VALUES ("2", "Database", "MySQL", 765, 44.99, 2009, 4, 5);
1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO book (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2, emp3)
2 VALUES ("3", "Database", "SQL Server", 404, 39.99, 2001, 6, 7, 8);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ESCAPE OFF SQL> SQL> SQL> BEGIN
2 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000);
3 UPDATE book SET price = price * .90 WHERE isbn = "1";
4
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT||" rows updated");
6
7 IF SQL%NOTFOUND
8 THEN
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Unable to update isbn 1");
10 END IF;
11
12 COMMIT;
13
14 EXCEPTION
15 WHEN OTHERS
16 THEN
17 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
18 END;
19 /
1 rows updated PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table book; Table dropped.</source>
The Difference between Explicit and Implicit Cursors
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Explicit cursor SQL> SQL> create or replace function f_empExp_dsp (i_empNo VARCHAR)
2 return VARCHAR2 is
3 v_out_tx VARCHAR2(2000);
4 cursor c_emp (ci_empNo VARCHAR) is
5 select id||" "||first_Name||" ("|| city ||")" emp_dsp
6 from employee
7 where id=ci_empNo;
8
9 v_emp_rec c_emp%ROWTYPE;
10 begin
11 open c_emp(i_empNo);
12 fetch c_emp into v_emp_rec;
13 close c_emp;
14 return v_emp_rec.emp_dsp;
15 exception
16 when others then
17 if c_emp%ISOPEN then
18 close c_emp;
19 end if;
20 return null;
21 end f_empExp_dsp;
22 /
Function created. SQL> SQL> -- Implicit cursor SQL> create or replace function f_empImp_dsp(in_empNo VARCHAR)
2 return VARCHAR2 is
3 v_out_tx VARCHAR2(2000);
4 begin
5 select id||" "||first_Name||" ("||city||")" into v_out_tx
6 from employee
7 where id=in_empNo;
8 return v_out_tx;
9 exception
10 when no_data_found then
11 return null;
12 when too_many_rows then
13 return "<Error>";
14 end f_empImp_dsp;
15 /
Function created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Explicit cursors do not raise the exceptions NO_DATA_FOUND and TOO_MANY_ROWS.
To store a fetched value, you can reference an explicit cursor with %ROWTYPE.
Use implicit or explicit cursor to insert 50000 rows to a table
<source lang="sql">
SQL> create table myTable ( x primary key )
2 organization index as select 1 from dual;
Table created. SQL> create or replace procedure implicit is
2 dummy number; 3 begin 4 for i in 1 .. 50000 loop 5 select 1 into dummy from myTable; 6 end loop; 7 end; 8 /
Procedure created. SQL> create or replace procedure explicit is
2 cursor explicit_cur is select 1 from myTable; 3 dummy number; 4 begin 5 for i in 1 .. 50000 loop 6 open explicit_cur; 7 fetch explicit_cur into dummy; 8 close explicit_cur; 9 end loop; 10 end; 11 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL> drop table myTable; Table dropped.</source>
Use %ROWCOUNT to detect what record you are processing at a given point
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 v_recordCount NUMBER;
3 cursor c1 is select * from employee;
4 begin
5 for r in c1 loop
6 v_recordCount:=c1%rowcount;
7 -- do something
8 end loop;
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("Rows processed:"||v_recordCount);
10 end;
11 /
Rows processed:8 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
