Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/Fetch
Содержание
- 1 Compare the performance differences between row-at-a-time processing and bulk processing
- 2 cursor bulk
- 3 Fetch cursor till cursorName%NOTFOUND
- 4 Fetch cursor till notfound
- 5 Fetch cursor to table collection of row type
- 6 Fetch cursor to three variables
- 7 Fetch cursor value into column type variable
- 8 Fetch cursor value to three variables
- 9 Fetch data into PL/SQL table
- 10 Fetching Across Commits
- 11 Fetching Across Commits, Example 2
- 12 Fetch row by row
- 13 Nested cursor open
- 14 Populating a Record with FETCH INTO
- 15 Raise no data found exception if cursor is empty
- 16 To lock all the records while you"re working on them. This is done using a SELECT FOR UPDATE command
- 17 Using a simple UPDATE statement without locking for rows fetched from Cursors
Compare the performance differences between row-at-a-time processing and bulk processing
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table myTable1 as select * from dba_objects where 0=1; Table created. SQL> create table myTable2 as select * from dba_objects where 0=1; Table created. SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure row_at_a_time_test as begin
2 3 for x in ( select * from all_objects ) 4 loop 5 insert into myTable1 values X; 6 end loop; 7 8 end; 9 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL> show errors No errors. SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure bulk_test
2 as 3 type array is table of all_objects%rowtype; 4 l_data array; 5 cursor c is select * from all_objects; 6 begin 7 8 open c; 9 loop 10 fetch c bulk collect into l_data LIMIT 100; 11 12 forall i in 1 .. l_data.count 13 insert into myTable2 values l_data(i); 14 15 exit when c%notfound; 16 end loop; 17 18 end; 19 /
Procedure created. SQL> show errors No errors. SQL> SQL> exec row_at_a_time_test PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec bulk_test PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table myTable1; Table dropped. SQL> drop table myTable2; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL></source>
cursor bulk
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table employee (
2 id number, 3 employee_type_id number, 4 external_id varchar2(30), 5 first_name varchar2(30), 6 middle_name varchar2(30), 7 last_name varchar2(30), 8 name varchar2(100), 9 birth_date date, 10 gender_id number);
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> set serveroutput on size 1000000; SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_worker(aiv_last_name in employee.last_name%TYPE) is
3 select first_name
4 from employee
5 where last_name like aiv_last_name||"%"
6 order by id;
7
8 TYPE c_employee_table is table of c_worker%ROWTYPE
9 index by binary_integer;
10
11 t_worker c_employee_table;
12
13 begin
14 open c_worker("DOE");
15 loop
16 fetch c_worker bulk collect into t_worker limit 2;
17
18 exit when t_worker.count = 0;
19
20 for i in t_worker.first..t_worker.last loop
21 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(t_worker(i).first_name);
22 end loop;
23 end loop;
24 end;
25 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table employee; Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor till cursorName%NOTFOUND
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ESCAPE OFF SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 3 v_first_name EMPLOYEE.first_name%TYPE; 4 v_last_name EMPLOYEE.last_name%TYPE; 5 6 CURSOR emp_cur IS 7 SELECT a.first_name, a.last_name 8 FROM EMPLOYEE a; 9 10 BEGIN 11 12 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000); 13 14 OPEN emp_cur; 15 LOOP 16 FETCH emp_cur INTO v_first_name, v_last_name; 17 EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND; 18 19 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_last_name 20 ||", " 21 ||v_first_name); 22 END LOOP; 23 24 CLOSE emp_cur; 25 26 EXCEPTION 27 WHEN OTHERS 28 THEN 29 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); 30 END; 31 /
Martin, Jason Mathews, Alison Smith, James Rice, Celia Black, Robert Green, Linda Larry, David Cat, James PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor till notfound
<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp(
2 emp_ID NUMBER (6), 3 START_DATE DATE, 4 END_DATE DATE, 5 JOB_ID VARCHAR2 (10), 6 DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER (4) 7 );
Table created. SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE promotion_review_1
2 IS
3 nempid NUMBER;
4 dstartdate DATE;
5 denddate DATE;
6 sjobid VARCHAR2 (20);
7 CURSOR empCursor IS SELECT emp_id, start_date, end_date, job_id FROM emp;
8 BEGIN
9 OPEN empCursor;
10 LOOP
11 FETCH empCursor INTO nempid, dstartdate, denddate, sjobid;
12 EXIT WHEN empCursor%NOTFOUND;
13 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ("emp "||nempid||" had job "||sjobid||" for "||(denddate - dstartdate)||" days.");
14 END LOOP;
15 CLOSE empCursor;
16 END;
17 /
Procedure created. SQL> show errors No errors. SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor to table collection of row type
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table emp(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 fname VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 lname VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into emp(ID, fname, lname, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from emp
2 /
ID FNAME LNAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
DESCRIPTION
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
ID FNAME LNAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
DESCRIPTION
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
ID FNAME LNAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
DESCRIPTION
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 TYPE emp_table_struct IS TABLE OF emp.fname%TYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
3 emp_table emp_table_struct;
4 CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT fname FROM emp ORDER BY id;
5 v_row NUMBER := 1;
6 BEGIN
7 OPEN emp_cursor;
8 LOOP
9 FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_table(v_row);
10 EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
11 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_table(v_row));
12 v_row := v_row + 1;
13 END LOOP;
14 CLOSE emp_cursor;
15 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Total rows: "||emp_table.COUNT);
16 END;
17 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table emp
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor to three variables
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7), 3 last_name VARCHAR2(25), 4 first_name VARCHAR2(25), 5 userid VARCHAR2(8), 6 start_date DATE, 7 comments VARCHAR2(255), 8 manager_id NUMBER(7), 9 title VARCHAR2(25), 10 department_id NUMBER(7), 11 salary NUMBER(11, 2), 12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2) 13 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE select_emp
2 (p_emp_id_num NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, 3 p_last_name_txt VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, 4 p_first_name_txt VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, 5 p_start_date DATE DEFAULT NULL, 6 p_dept_num NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) IS 7 CURSOR cur_emp IS 8 SELECT last_name, first_name, salary 9 FROM employee 10 WHERE employee_id LIKE p_emp_id_num || "%" 11 AND last_name LIKE p_last_name_txt || "%" 12 AND first_name LIKE p_first_name_txt || "%" 13 AND start_date LIKE p_start_date || "%" 14 AND department_id LIKE p_dept_num || "%"; 15 16 lastName employee.last_name%TYPE; 17 lv_first_name_txt employee.first_name%TYPE; 18 lv_salary_num employee.salary%TYPE; 19 BEGIN 20 OPEN cur_emp; 21 FETCH cur_emp INTO lastName, lv_first_name_txt, lv_salary_num; 22 CLOSE cur_emp; 23 END; 24 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table employee; Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor value into column type variable
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_count
2 AS 3 v_first_name employee.first_name%TYPE; 4 v_last_name employee.last_name%TYPE; 5 v_row_count PLS_INTEGER := 0; 6 7 CURSOR emp_cur IS 8 SELECT first_name, last_name 9 FROM employee; 10 11 BEGIN 12 13 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000); 14 15 OPEN emp_cur; 16 LOOP 17 FETCH emp_cur INTO v_first_name, v_last_name; 18 EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND; 19 20 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_last_name ||", " ||v_first_name); 21 END LOOP; 22 23 CLOSE emp_cur; 24 25 EXCEPTION 26 WHEN OTHERS 27 THEN 28 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); 29 END; 30 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL> SQL> call employee_count(); Martin, Jason Mathews, Alison Smith, James Rice, Celia Black, Robert Green, Linda Larry, David Cat, James Call completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Fetch cursor value to three variables
<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE gifts (
2 gift_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT gifts_pk PRIMARY KEY, 3 gift_type_id INTEGER , 4 name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL, 5 description VARCHAR2(50), 6 price NUMBER(5, 2) 7 );
Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO gifts (gift_id, gift_type_id, name, description, price) VALUES (1, 1, "Flower", "Birthday", 19.95); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO gifts (gift_id, gift_type_id, name, description, price) VALUES (2, 1, "Computer", "New Year", 30.00); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO gifts (gift_id, gift_type_id, name, description, price) VALUES (3, 2, "iPod", "Birthday", 25.99); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO gifts (gift_id, gift_type_id, name, description, price) VALUES (4, 2, "iPhone", "New Year", 13.95); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO gifts (gift_id, gift_type_id, name, description, price) VALUES (5, 2, "Book", "Birthday", 49.99); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_gift_id gifts.gift_id%TYPE;
3 v_name gifts.name%TYPE;
4 v_price gifts.price%TYPE;
5
6 CURSOR giftCursor IS SELECT gift_id, name, price FROM gifts ORDER BY gift_id;
7
8 BEGIN
9 OPEN giftCursor;
10
11 LOOP
12 FETCH giftCursor INTO v_gift_id, v_name, v_price;
13
14 EXIT WHEN giftCursor%NOTFOUND;
15
16 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("v_gift_id = " || v_gift_id || ", v_name = " || v_name ||", v_price = " || v_price);
17
18 END LOOP;
19
20 CLOSE giftCursor;
21
22 END;
23 /
v_gift_id = 1, v_name = Flower, v_price = 19.95 v_gift_id = 2, v_name = Computer, v_price = 30 v_gift_id = 3, v_name = iPod, v_price = 25.99 v_gift_id = 4, v_name = iPhone, v_price = 13.95 v_gift_id = 5, v_name = Book, v_price = 49.99 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table gifts; Table dropped.</source>
Fetch data into PL/SQL table
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SET ECHO ON SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR all_emps IS 3 SELECT id, first_name 4 FROM employee 5 ORDER BY first_name; 6 7 TYPE id IS TABLE OF employee.id%TYPE; 8 TYPE first_name IS TABLE OF employee.first_name%TYPE; 9 10 emp_ids id; 11 emp_names first_name; 12 inx1 PLS_INTEGER; 13 BEGIN 14 OPEN all_emps; 15 FETCH all_emps BULK COLLECT INTO emp_ids, emp_names; 16 CLOSE all_emps; 17 18 FOR inx1 IN 1..emp_ids.count LOOP 19 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (emp_ids(inx1) ||" " || emp_names(inx1)); 20 END LOOP; 21 END; 22 /
02 Alison 04 Celia 07 David 03 James 08 James 01 Jason 06 Linda 05 Robert PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Fetching Across Commits
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR c_Allemployee IS 3 SELECT * 4 FROM employee 5 FOR UPDATE; 6 7 v_employeeInfo c_Allemployee%ROWTYPE; 8 BEGIN 9 OPEN c_Allemployee; 10 11 FETCH c_Allemployee INTO v_employeeInfo; 12 13 -- Issue a COMMIT. This will release the locks, invalidating the 14 -- cursor. 15 COMMIT WORK; 16 17 -- This FETCH will raise the ORA-1002 error. 18 FETCH c_Allemployee INTO v_employeeInfo; 19 END; 20 /
DECLARE
ERROR at line 1: ORA-01002: fetch out of sequence ORA-06512: at line 18
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Fetching Across Commits, Example 2
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_salary employee.salary%TYPE;
3
4 CURSOR c_Registeredemployee IS
5 SELECT *
6 FROM employee
7 WHERE id IN ("01");
8
9 BEGIN
10 FOR v_employeeInfo IN c_Registeredemployee LOOP
11 v_salary := 100;
12
13 -- Update the row we just retrieved from the cursor.
14 UPDATE employee
15 SET salary = salary + v_salary
16 WHERE id = v_employeeinfo.id;
17
18 -- We can commit inside the loop, since the cursor is
19 -- not declared FOR UPDATE.
20 COMMIT;
21 END LOOP;
22 END;
23 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1334.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL></source>
Fetch row by row
<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(
2 EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL, 3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10), 4 JOB VARCHAR2(9), 5 MGR NUMBER(4), 6 HIREDATE DATE, 7 SAL NUMBER(7, 2), 8 COMM NUMBER(7, 2), 9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2) 10 );
Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2, "Jack", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3, "Wil", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(4, "Jane", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(5, "Mary", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7, "Chris", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(8, "Smart", "Helper", 4,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(9, "Peter", "Manager", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(10, "Take", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(13, "Fake", "Helper", 4,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> variable x refcursor SQL> declare
2 r emp%rowtype; 3 begin 4 :x := emp_list; 5 loop 6 fetch :x into r; 7 exit when :x%notfound; 8 dbms_output.put_line(r.empno||","||r.hiredate); 9 end loop; 10 close :x; 11 end; 12 /
2,20-02-1981 3,22-02-1981 4,02-04-1981 5,28-09-1981 7,09-06-1981 8,09-12-1982 9,17-11-1981 10,08-09-1981 13,03-12-1981 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped.</source>
Nested cursor open
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE department
2 (department_id NUMBER(7), 3 department_name VARCHAR2(50), 4 region_id NUMBER(7));
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (10, "FINANCE", 1); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (31, "SALES", 1); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (32, "ACCOUNTING", 2); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (33, "MARKETING", 3); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (34, "SECURITY", 4); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (35, "PAYROLL", 5); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (41, "OPERATIONS", 1); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (42, "HUMAN RESOURCES", 2); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (43, "STRATEGIC PLANNING", 3); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (44, "MAINTENANCE", 4); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (45, "TECHNICAL WRITING", 5); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO department VALUES (50, "ADMINISTRATION", 1); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7), 3 last_name VARCHAR2(25), 4 first_name VARCHAR2(25), 5 userid VARCHAR2(8), 6 start_date DATE, 7 comments VARCHAR2(255), 8 manager_id NUMBER(7), 9 title VARCHAR2(25), 10 department_id NUMBER(7), 11 salary NUMBER(11, 2), 12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2) 13 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR empCursor IS 3 SELECT * 4 FROM employee; 5 CURSOR cur_department 6 (p_department_num department.department_id%TYPE) IS 7 SELECT department_name 8 FROM department 9 where department_id = p_department_num; 10 lv_department_txt department.department_name%TYPE; 11 BEGIN 12 FOR empCursor_rec IN empCursor LOOP 13 OPEN cur_department(empCursor_rec.department_id); 14 FETCH cur_department INTO lv_department_txt; 15 CLOSE cur_department; 16 END LOOP; 17 END; 18 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> drop table employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> drop table department; Table dropped.</source>
Populating a Record with FETCH INTO
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> create table product(
2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 product_description varchar2(20) not null 4 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> insert into product values (1,"Java"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (2,"Oracle"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (3,"C#"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (4,"Javascript"); 1 row created. SQL> insert into product values (5,"Python"); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> create table company(
2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 company_id NUMBER(8) not null, 4 company_short_name varchar2(30) not null, 5 company_long_name varchar2(60) 6 );
Table created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1001,"A Inc.","Long Name A Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1002,"B Inc.","Long Name B Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1003,"C Inc.","Long Name C Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1004,"D Inc.","Long Name D Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1005,"E Inc.","Long Name E Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1006,"F Inc.","Long Name F Inc."); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 TYPE hrc_company_rec IS RECORD 3 (hrc_company_id NUMBER, 4 product_description VARCHAR2(20), 5 company_short_name VARCHAR2(30)); 6 v_example_rec hrc_company_rec; 7 CURSOR csr_hrc_org IS 8 SELECT 1,h.product_description,o.rupany_short_name 9 FROM company o,product h 10 WHERE o.product_id =h.product_id 11 AND h.product_id =1; 12 BEGIN 13 OPEN csr_hrc_org; 14 LOOP 15 FETCH csr_hrc_org INTO v_example_rec; 16 EXIT WHEN csr_hrc_org%NOTFOUND; 17 dbms_output.put_line(to_number(v_example_rec.hrc_company_id)||" "|| 18 v_example_rec.product_description||" "|| 19 v_example_rec.rupany_short_name); 20 END LOOP; 21 CLOSE csr_hrc_org; 22 END; 23 /
1 Java A Inc. 1 Java B Inc. 1 Java C Inc. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table company; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> drop table product; Table dropped.</source>
Raise no data found exception if cursor is empty
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 d VARCHAR2(1);
3 no_data_found EXCEPTION;
4
5 CURSOR myCursor IS SELECT dummy FROM dual WHERE 1=2;
6 BEGIN
7 OPEN myCursor;
8 FETCH myCursor INTO d;
9
10 IF d IS NULL
11 THEN
12 RAISE no_data_found;
13 END IF;
14 EXCEPTION
15 WHEN no_data_found
16 THEN
17 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("Trapped the error!?");
18 END;
19 /
Trapped the error!? PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL></source>
To lock all the records while you"re working on them. This is done using a SELECT FOR UPDATE command
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_empInDept is select * from employee for update of salary; 3 begin 4 for r_emp in c_empInDept loop 5 if r_emp.salary < 5000 then 6 update employee 7 set salary = salary * 1.1 8 where current of c_empInDept; 9 end if; 10 end loop; 11 end; 12 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL></source>
Using a simple UPDATE statement without locking for rows fetched from Cursors
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> declare
2 cursor c_empInDept is 3 select * from employee; 4 begin 5 for r_emp in c_empInDept loop 6 if r_emp.salary < 5000 then 7 update employee 8 set salary = salary * 1.1 9 where id = r_emp.id; 10 end if; 11 end loop; 12 end; 13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
