Oracle PL/SQL/Select Query/OR
Содержание
- 1 (1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1
- 2 1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1 (no parentheses)
- 3 1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1) (put and into parentheses)
- 4 OR operator
- 5 OR operator : combine date compare and number compare
- 6 OR operator combines two comparisons into one
- 7 Query specific columns with where clause and "or" operator
- 8 Query specific columns with where clause, or operator and order by
- 9 Use or to connect two boolean expression
(1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual 3 where (1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1;
no rows selected
</source>
1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1 (no parentheses)
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual 3 where 1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1;
CONDITION
is true SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1) (put and into parentheses)
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual 3 where 1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1);
CONDITION
is true SQL>
</source>
OR operator
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2334.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 2334.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 2334.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- OR operator SQL> SQL> SELECT ID, City, First_Name, Last_Name
2 FROM Employee 3 WHERE City ="New York" OR Salary > 5000;
ID CITY FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
06 New York Linda Green 07 New York David Larry SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
OR operator : combine date compare and number compare
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- OR operator : combine date compare and number compare SQL> SQL> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE start_date > "01-JAN-1990" OR id > 3; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 6 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
OR operator combines two comparisons into one
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> BEGIN
2 IF 1 = 1 OR 1 = 2 THEN
3 dbms_output.put_line("True.");
4 END IF;
5 END;
6 /
True. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Query specific columns with where clause and "or" operator
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10), 3 JOB VARCHAR2(9), 4 MGR NUMBER(4), 5 HIREDATE DATE, 6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2), 7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2), 8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> select empno, ename, deptno, sal, comm from emp where sal >= 3000 or comm >= 500;
EMPNO Employee Name DEPTNO Salary COMM
------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7521 WARD 30 $1,250.00 500
7654 MARTIN 30 $1,250.00 1400
7788 SCOTT 20 $3,000.00
7839 KING 10 $5,000.00
7902 FORD 20 $3,000.00
5 rows selected. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Query specific columns with where clause, or operator and order by
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null, 3 last_name varchar2(50) not null, 4 email varchar2(30), 5 hire_date date, 6 job_id varchar2(30), 7 department_id number(10), 8 salary number(6), 9 manager_id number(6) 10 );
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "YourName@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Dillon", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "wvelasq@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select employee_id, last_name, job_id
2 from employees 3 where employee_id = 1001 4 or manager_id = 1006 5 order by employee_id;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME JOB_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1001 Lawson MGR
1005 Dillon PROG
1007 Java PROG
1008 Oracle DBA
4 rows selected. SQL> SQL> drop table employees; Table dropped. SQL>
</source>
Use or to connect two boolean expression
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table courses
2 ( code VARCHAR2(6) constraint C_PK 3 primary key 4 , description VARCHAR2(30) 5 , category CHAR(3) 6 , duration NUMBER(2) 7 ) ;
Table created. SQL> insert into courses values("SQL","SQL","GEN",4); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("OAU","Java","GEN",1); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("JAV","C++","BLD",4); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("PLS","C","BLD",1); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("XML","XML","BLD",2); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("ERM","ERP","DSG",3); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("PMT","ERP","DSG",1); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("RSD","jQuery","DSG",2); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("PRO","Linux","DSG",5); 1 row created. SQL> insert into courses values("GEN","Oracle","DSG",4); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> select code, category, duration
2 from courses 3 where category = "BLD" 4 or duration = 2;
CODE CAT DURATION
--- ----------
JAV BLD 4 PLS BLD 1 XML BLD 2 RSD DSG 2 SQL> drop table courses; Table dropped. SQL>
</source>
