Oracle PL/SQL/Select Query/Logical Operators

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Compare Date type value

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE purchase (
  2       product_name  VARCHAR2(25),
  3       quantity      NUMBER(4,2),
  4       purchase_date DATE,
  5       salesperson   VARCHAR2(3)
  6       );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("A",   1,  "14-JUL-03", "CA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("B",   75, "14-JUL-03", "BB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("C",   2,  "14-JUL-03", "GA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("D",   8,  "15-JUL-03", "GA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("A",   20, "15-JUL-03", "LB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("B",   2,  "16-JUL-03", "CA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("C",   25, "16-JUL-03", "LB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("D",   2,  "17-JUL-03", "BB");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM purchase;
PRODUCT_NAME                QUANTITY PURCHASE_ SAL
------------------------- ---------- --------- ---
A                                  1 14-JUL-03 CA
B                                 75 14-JUL-03 BB
C                                  2 14-JUL-03 GA
D                                  8 15-JUL-03 GA
A                                 20 15-JUL-03 LB
B                                  2 16-JUL-03 CA
C                                 25 16-JUL-03 LB
D                                  2 17-JUL-03 BB
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> DELETE FROM purchase
  2  WHERE purchase_date > "15-JUL-03";
3 rows deleted.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM purchase;
PRODUCT_NAME                QUANTITY PURCHASE_ SAL
------------------------- ---------- --------- ---
A                                  1 14-JUL-03 CA
B                                 75 14-JUL-03 BB
C                                  2 14-JUL-03 GA
D                                  8 15-JUL-03 GA
A                                 20 15-JUL-03 LB
5 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> DROP TABLE purchase;
Table dropped.
SQL>



compare varchar type value in where clause

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE purchase (
  2       product_name  VARCHAR2(25),
  3       quantity      NUMBER(4,2),
  4       purchase_date DATE,
  5       salesperson   VARCHAR2(3)
  6       );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("A",   1,  "14-JUL-03", "CA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("B",   75, "14-JUL-03", "BB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("C",   2,  "14-JUL-03", "GA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("D",   8,  "15-JUL-03", "GA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("A",   20, "15-JUL-03", "LB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("B",   2,  "16-JUL-03", "CA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("C",   25, "16-JUL-03", "LB");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO purchase VALUES ("D",   2,  "17-JUL-03", "BB");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM purchase;
PRODUCT_NAME                QUANTITY PURCHASE_ SAL
------------------------- ---------- --------- ---
A                                  1 14-JUL-03 CA
B                                 75 14-JUL-03 BB
C                                  2 14-JUL-03 GA
D                                  8 15-JUL-03 GA
A                                 20 15-JUL-03 LB
B                                  2 16-JUL-03 CA
C                                 25 16-JUL-03 LB
D                                  2 17-JUL-03 BB
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DELETE FROM purchase
  2  WHERE product_name = "A";
2 rows deleted.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM purchase;
PRODUCT_NAME                QUANTITY PURCHASE_ SAL
------------------------- ---------- --------- ---
B                                 75 14-JUL-03 BB
C                                  2 14-JUL-03 GA
D                                  8 15-JUL-03 GA
B                                  2 16-JUL-03 CA
C                                 25 16-JUL-03 LB
D                                  2 17-JUL-03 BB
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DROP TABLE purchase;
Table dropped.
SQL>



Demo for Order of Precedence for Logical Operators

 

SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2334.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    2334.78 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    2334.78 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Demo for Order of Precedence for Logical Operators
SQL>
SQL> SELECT ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Salary, Start_Date
  2  FROM Employee
  3  WHERE First_Name ="Smith"
  4        AND CITY ="New York" or City ="Vancouver";
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME      SALARY START_DAT
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
02   Alison     Mathews       2334.78 21-MAR-76
03   James      Smith         2334.78 12-DEC-78
04   Celia      Rice          2334.78 24-OCT-82
05   Robert     Black         2334.78 15-JAN-84
08   James      Cat           2334.78 17-SEP-96
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Salary, Start_Date
  2  FROM Employee
  3  WHERE First_Name ="Smith"
  4        AND (CITY ="New York" or City ="Vancouver");
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>



Not(condition1 and condition2)

   
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table emp
  2  ( empno      NUMBER(4)    constraint E_PK primary key
  3  , ename      VARCHAR2(8)
  4  , init       VARCHAR2(5)
  5  , job        VARCHAR2(8)
  6  , mgr        NUMBER(4)
  7  , bdate      DATE
  8  , sal        NUMBER(6,2)
  9  , comm       NUMBER(6,2)
 10  , deptno     NUMBER(2)    default 10
 11  ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N",   "TRAINER", 13,date "1965-12-17",  800 , NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20",  1600, 300,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" ,  "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22",  1250, 500,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM",  "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02",  2975, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P",  "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28",  1250, 1400,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R",   "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01",  2850, NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB",  "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09",  2450, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-11-26",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC",   "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17",  5000, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28",  1500, 0,     30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA",  "TRAINER", 8,date "1966-12-30",  1100, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R",   "Manager",   6,date "1969-12-03",  800 , NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG",   "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-02-13",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager",   7,date "1962-01-23",  1300, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select ename, init
  2  from   emp
  3  where  not (ename = "Jane" and init = "R");
Enter...
Tom      N
Jack     JAM
Wil      TF
Jane     JM
Mary     P
Black    R
Chris    AB
Smart    SCJ
Peter    CC
Take     JJ
Ana      AA
Fake     MG
Mike     TJA
13 rows selected.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL>