Oracle PL/SQL/Date Timezone/Date Default Format
Содержание
- 1 Default output of SYSDATE
- 2 Get NLS date format: V$NLS_Parameters
- 3 Insert date value along with the default date format
- 4 Proper use of default format mask
- 5 Setting the Default Date Format
- 6 Simple Examples of Storing and Retrieving Dates
- 7 Use the DATE keyword to supply a date literal to the database
Default output of SYSDATE
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Default output of SYSDATE. SQL> SELECT SYSDATE from DUAL; SYSDATE
31-AUG-06 SQL> SQL>
</source>
Get NLS date format: V$NLS_Parameters
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- Get NLS date format: V$NLS_Parameters. SQL> SQL> SELECT value FROM V$NLS_Parameters WHERE parameter ="NLS_DATE_FORMAT"; VALUE
DD-MON-RR
</source>
Insert date value along with the default date format
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> create table company_events (event_name varchar2( 100 ),
2 event_date date );
Table created. SQL> SQL> insert into company_events ( event_name, event_date )
2 values ( "Event 1", TO_DATE( "2-DEC-2006", "DD-MON-YYYY" ) );
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into company_events ( event_name, event_date )
2 values ( "Event 2", SYSDATE ) 3
SQL> column event_name format a40 SQL> SQL> select * from company_events; EVENT_NAME EVENT_DAT
---------
Event 1 02-DEC-06 SQL> SQL> show parameters nls_date_format ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> SQL> insert into company_events ( event_name, event_date )
2 values ( "Event 3", DATE "2006-10-11" );
1 row created. SQL> SQL> select * from company_events; EVENT_NAME EVENT_DAT
---------
Event 1 02-DEC-06 Event 3 11-OCT-06 SQL> SQL> drop table company_events; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Proper use of default format mask
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- Proper use of default format mask. SQL> SELECT TO_DATE("06-Jan-67") "Correct" from DUAL; Correct
06-JAN-67 SQL>
</source>
Setting the Default Date Format
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DATE END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin JULY -25-1996 JULY -25-2006 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews MARCH -21-1976 FEBRUARY -21-1986 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith DECEMBER -12-1978 MARCH -15-1990 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice OCTOBER -24-1982 APRIL -21-1999 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black JANUARY -15-1984 AUGUST -08-1998 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green JULY -30-1987 JANUARY -04-1996 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry DECEMBER -31-1990 FEBRUARY -12-1998 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat SEPTEMBER-17-1996 APRIL -15-2002 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> --Setting the Default Date Format SQL> SQL> --The default date format is specified in the NLS_DATE_FORMAT database parameter. SQL> SQL> SQL> --ALTER SESSION statement sets NLS_DATE_FORMAT to MONTHDDYYYY using SQL*Plus: SQL> SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "MONTH-DD-YYYY"; Session altered. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DATE END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin JULY -25-1996 JULY -25-2006 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews MARCH -21-1976 FEBRUARY -21-1986 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith DECEMBER -12-1978 MARCH -15-1990 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice OCTOBER -24-1982 APRIL -21-1999 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black JANUARY -15-1984 AUGUST -08-1998 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green JULY -30-1987 JANUARY -04-1996 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry DECEMBER -31-1990 FEBRUARY -12-1998 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat SEPTEMBER-17-1996 APRIL -15-2002 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "YYYY-MON-DD"; Session altered. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DATE END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 1996-JUL-25 2006-JUL-25 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 1976-MAR-21 1986-FEB-21 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 1978-DEC-12 1990-MAR-15 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 1982-OCT-24 1999-APR-21 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 1984-JAN-15 1998-AUG-08 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 1987-JUL-30 1996-JAN-04 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 1990-DEC-31 1998-FEB-12 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 1996-SEP-17 2002-APR-15 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Simple Examples of Storing and Retrieving Dates
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> --Simple Examples of Storing and Retrieving Dates SQL> SQL> --By default, you can supply a date with the format DD-MON-YYYY to the database SQL> SQL> -- DD is a two-digit day such as 05 SQL> -- MON is the first three letters of the month such as FEB SQL> -- YYYY is a four-digit year such as 1968 SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee (id, first_name, last_name, start_date)
2 VALUES ( 6, "Fred", "Brown", "05-FEB-1968");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 6 Fred Brown 05-FEB-68 9 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Use the DATE keyword to supply a date literal to the database
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Use the DATE keyword to supply a date literal to the database. SQL> -- Your date must use the ANSI standard date format YYYY-MM-DD, where: SQL> SQL> -- YYYY is a four-digit year SQL> -- MM is a two-digit month from 1 to 12 SQL> -- DD is a two-digit day SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO employee (id, first_name, last_name, start_date)
2 VALUES (7, "Steve", "Purple", DATE "1972-10-25");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 7 Steve Purple 25-OCT-72 9 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
