Oracle PL/SQL/Analytical Functions/Rank

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Browse Products with ranking function

  
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Product (
  2  ProductID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  3  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  4  Description VARCHAR(1000) NOT NULL,
  5  Price NUMBER NULL,
  6  ImagePath VARCHAR(50) NULL,
  7  soldout NUMBER(1,0) NULL,
  8  Promotion NUMBER(1,0) NULL);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE ProductIDSeq;
Sequence created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ProductAutonumberTrigger
  2  BEFORE INSERT ON Product
  3  FOR EACH ROW
  4  BEGIN
  5     SELECT ProductIDSeq.NEXTVAL
  6     INTO :NEW.ProductID FROM DUAL;
  7  END;
  8  /
Trigger created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath,soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("Pen", "Ball Pen",5.99, "pen.jpg", 1, 0);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath, soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("Ruler", "Long",14.99, "ruler.jpg", 0, 0);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath, soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("Desk", "Computer Desk",5.99, "desk.jpg", 0, 1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath, soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("PC", "Notebook",49.99, "pc.jpg", 0, 1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath, soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("Mouse", "Wireless",9.99, "mouse.jpg",  1, 0);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Product (Name, Description, Price, ImagePath, soldout, Promotion)
  2  VALUES ("Keyboard", "keyboard",3.75, "keyboard.jpg", 0, 0);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT ProductID, Name FROM(
  2  SELECT RANK() OVER (ORDER BY ProductID) As RanPeter, ProductID, Name
  3  FROM Product
  4  ORDER BY PRODUCTID
  5  )
  6  WHERE RanPeter BETWEEN 6 AND 10;
 PRODUCTID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         6 Keyboard
1 row selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table product;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop sequence ProductIDSeq;
Sequence dropped.



Rank(): If the statement requests another ordering, another sort may result

 

SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    empno              Number(3)  NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
  3    ename              VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),   -- Employee Name
  4    hireDate          DATE,                -- Date Employee Hired
  5    orig_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Orignal Salary
  6    curr_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Current Salary
  7    region             VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)     -- Region where employeed
  8  )
  9  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
  2    empno              Number(3)  NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
  3    jobtitle           VARCHAR2(10 BYTE)    -- Employee job title
  4  )
  5  /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000,       48000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000,       32000,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000,       58000,        "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000,      36000,        "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000,       53000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000,       85000,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(108,"Jode",  to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000,       29000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(101,   "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(122,   "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(123,   "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(104,   "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(105,   "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(116,   "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(117,   "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(108,   "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO ENAME      HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
       122 Alison     21-MAR-96       45000       48000 E
       123 James      12-DEC-78       23000       32000 W
       104 Celia      24-OCT-82       53000       58000 E
       105 Robert     15-JAN-84       31000       36000 W
       116 Linda      30-JUL-87       43000       53000 E
       117 David      31-DEC-90       78000       85000 W
       108 Jode       17-SEP-96       21000       29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL> select * from job;
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
       101 Painter
       122 Tester
       123 Dediator
       104 Chemist
       105 Accountant
       116 Manager
       117 Programmer
       108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- If the statement requests another ordering, another sort may result
SQL>
SQL> SELECT empno, ename, curr_salary,
  2    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary)
  3  FROM employee
  4  WHERE curr_salary > 3800
  5  ORDER BY ename;
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO ENAME      CURR_SALARY RANK()OVER(ORDERBYCURR_SALARY)
---------- ---------- ----------- ------------------------------
       122 Alison           48000                              4
       104 Celia            58000                              6
       117 David            85000                              7
       123 James            32000                              2
       108 Jode             29000                              1
       116 Linda            53000                              5
       105 Robert           36000                              3
7 rows selected.
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Rank() over partition

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
  5                    HIREDATE DATE,
  6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK",    7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD",  "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER",  7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981",  "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select rank() over ( partition by to_char(hiredate,"yy")
  2  order by hiredate ) "RANK",
  3  ename,hiredate
  4  from emp
  5  order by hiredate;
      RANK ENAME      HIREDATE
---------- ---------- ---------
         1 SMITH      17-DEC-80
         1 ALLEN      20-FEB-81
         2 WARD       22-FEB-81
         3 JONES      02-APR-81
         4 BLAKE      01-MAY-81
         5 CLARK      09-JUN-81
         6 TURNER     08-SEP-81
         7 MARTIN     28-SEP-81
         8 KING       17-NOV-81
         9 JAMES      03-DEC-81
         9 FORD       03-DEC-81
      RANK ENAME      HIREDATE
---------- ---------- ---------
         1 MILLER     23-JAN-82
         2 SCOTT      09-DEC-82
         1 ADAMS      12-JAN-83
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept cascade constraints;
Table dropped.



rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc )

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(
  2      EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  3      ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
  4      JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  5      MGR NUMBER(4),
  6      HIREDATE DATE,
  7      SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
  8      COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  9      DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
 10  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902,TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select deptno, ename, sal, rn
  2  from (select deptno,ename,sal,
  3                 row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) rn,
  4                 rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc ) rank,
  5                 dense_rank() over ( partition by deptno order by sal desc ) dense_rank
  6          from emp)
  7  where rn <= 3
  8  order by deptno, sal DESC
  9  /
    DEPTNO ENAME             SAL         RN
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
        10 KING             5000          1
           CLARK            2450          2
           MILLER           1300          3
        20 SCOTT            3000          1
           FORD             3000          2
           JONES            2975          3
        30 BLAKE            2850          1
           ALLEN            1600          2
           TURNER           1500          3
9 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.



RANK(): rank items, leaves a gap in the sequence when there is a tie

 

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE all_sales (
  2    year INTEGER,
  3    month INTEGER,
  4    prd_type_id INTEGER,
  5    emp_id INTEGER ,
  6    amount NUMBER(8, 2)
  7  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,1    ,1          ,21    ,16034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,2    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,3    ,2          ,21    ,20167.83);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,4    ,2          ,21    ,25056.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,5    ,2          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,7    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,8    ,1          ,21    ,16434.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,9    ,1          ,21    ,19654.57);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,10   ,1          ,21    ,21764.19);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,12   ,2          ,21    ,10034.64);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,22    ,16634.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,21    ,26034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,2    ,1          ,21    ,12644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,3    ,1          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,4    ,1          ,21    ,25026.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,5    ,1          ,21    ,17212.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.26);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,7    ,2          ,21    ,62654.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,8    ,2          ,21    ,26434.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,9    ,2          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,10   ,2          ,21    ,21264.19);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,12   ,1          ,21    ,10032.64);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from all_sales;
      YEAR      MONTH PRD_TYPE_ID     EMP_ID     AMOUNT
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
      2006          1           1         21   16034.84
      2006          2           1         21   15644.65
      2006          3           2         21   20167.83
      2006          4           2         21   25056.45
      2006          5           2         21
      2006          6           1         21   15564.66
      2006          7           1         21   15644.65
      2006          8           1         21   16434.82
      2006          9           1         21   19654.57
      2006         10           1         21   21764.19
      2006         11           1         21   13026.73
      2006         12           2         21   10034.64
      2005          1           2         22   16634.84
      2005          1           2         21   26034.84
      2005          2           1         21   12644.65
      2005          3           1         21
      2005          4           1         21   25026.45
      2005          5           1         21   17212.66
      2005          6           1         21   15564.26
      2005          7           2         21   62654.82
      2005          8           2         21   26434.82
      2005          9           2         21   15644.65
      2005         10           2         21   21264.19
      2005         11           1         21   13026.73
      2005         12           1         21   10032.64
25 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> --RANK(): rank items, leaves a gap in the sequence when there is a tie
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2   prd_type_id, SUM(amount),
  3   RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC) AS rank,
  4   DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC) AS dense_rank
  5  FROM all_sales
  6  WHERE amount IS NOT NULL
  7  GROUP BY prd_type_id
  8  ORDER BY prd_type_id;
PRD_TYPE_ID SUM(AMOUNT)       RANK DENSE_RANK
----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
          1    227276.5          1          1
          2   223927.08          2          2
SQL>
SQL> drop table all_sales;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



RANK() with NULLS FIRST

 
SQL> CREATE TABLE all_sales (
  2    year INTEGER,
  3    month INTEGER,
  4    prd_type_id INTEGER,
  5    emp_id INTEGER ,
  6    amount NUMBER(8, 2)
  7  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,1    ,1          ,21    ,16034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,2    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,3    ,2          ,21    ,20167.83);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,4    ,2          ,21    ,25056.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,5    ,2          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,7    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,8    ,1          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,9    ,1          ,21    ,19654.57);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,10   ,1          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,12   ,2          ,21    ,10034.64);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,22    ,16634.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,21    ,26034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,2    ,1          ,21    ,12644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,3    ,1          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,4    ,1          ,21    ,25026.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,5    ,1          ,21    ,17212.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.26);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,7    ,2          ,21    ,62654.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,8    ,2          ,21    ,26434.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,9    ,2          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,10   ,2          ,21    ,21264.19);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,12   ,1          ,21    ,10032.64);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from all_sales;
      YEAR      MONTH PRD_TYPE_ID     EMP_ID     AMOUNT
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
      2006          1           1         21   16034.84
      2006          2           1         21   15644.65
      2006          3           2         21   20167.83
      2006          4           2         21   25056.45
      2006          5           2         21
      2006          6           1         21   15564.66
      2006          7           1         21   15644.65
      2006          8           1         21
      2006          9           1         21   19654.57
      2006         10           1         21
      2006         11           1         21   13026.73
      2006         12           2         21   10034.64
      2005          1           2         22   16634.84
      2005          1           2         21   26034.84
      2005          2           1         21   12644.65
      2005          3           1         21
      2005          4           1         21   25026.45
      2005          5           1         21   17212.66
      2005          6           1         21   15564.26
      2005          7           2         21   62654.82
      2005          8           2         21   26434.82
      2005          9           2         21   15644.65
      2005         10           2         21   21264.19
      2005         11           1         21   13026.73
      2005         12           1         21   10032.64
25 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> --RANK() with NULLS FIRST
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2   prd_type_id, SUM(amount),
  3   RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC NULLS FIRST) AS rank
  4  FROM all_sales
  5  GROUP BY prd_type_id
  6  ORDER BY prd_type_id;
PRD_TYPE_ID SUM(AMOUNT)       RANK
----------- ----------- ----------
          1   189077.49          2
          2   223927.08          1
SQL>
SQL> drop table all_sales;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



RANK() with NULLS LAST demo

 

SQL> CREATE TABLE all_sales (
  2    year INTEGER,
  3    month INTEGER,
  4    prd_type_id INTEGER,
  5    emp_id INTEGER ,
  6    amount NUMBER(8, 2)
  7  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,1    ,1          ,21    ,16034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,2    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,3    ,2          ,21    ,20167.83);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,4    ,2          ,21    ,25056.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,5    ,2          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,7    ,1          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,8    ,1          ,21    ,16434.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,9    ,1          ,21    ,19654.57);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,10   ,1          ,21    ,21764.19);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2006,12   ,2          ,21    ,10034.64);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,22    ,16634.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,1    ,2          ,21    ,26034.84);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,2    ,1          ,21    ,12644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,3    ,1          ,21    ,NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,4    ,1          ,21    ,25026.45);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,5    ,1          ,21    ,17212.66);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,6    ,1          ,21    ,15564.26);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,7    ,2          ,21    ,62654.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,8    ,2          ,21    ,26434.82);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,9    ,2          ,21    ,15644.65);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,10   ,2          ,21    ,21264.19);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,11   ,1          ,21    ,13026.73);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT)
  2                  values(2005,12   ,1          ,21    ,10032.64);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from all_sales;
      YEAR      MONTH PRD_TYPE_ID     EMP_ID     AMOUNT
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
      2006          1           1         21   16034.84
      2006          2           1         21   15644.65
      2006          3           2         21   20167.83
      2006          4           2         21   25056.45
      2006          5           2         21
      2006          6           1         21   15564.66
      2006          7           1         21   15644.65
      2006          8           1         21   16434.82
      2006          9           1         21   19654.57
      2006         10           1         21   21764.19
      2006         11           1         21   13026.73
      2006         12           2         21   10034.64
      2005          1           2         22   16634.84
      2005          1           2         21   26034.84
      2005          2           1         21   12644.65
      2005          3           1         21
      2005          4           1         21   25026.45
      2005          5           1         21   17212.66
      2005          6           1         21   15564.26
      2005          7           2         21   62654.82
      2005          8           2         21   26434.82
      2005          9           2         21   15644.65
      2005         10           2         21   21264.19
      2005         11           1         21   13026.73
      2005         12           1         21   10032.64
25 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> --RANK() with NULLS LAST
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2   prd_type_id, SUM(amount),
  3   RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC NULLS LAST) AS rank
  4  FROM all_sales
  5  GROUP BY prd_type_id
  6  ORDER BY prd_type_id;
PRD_TYPE_ID SUM(AMOUNT)       RANK
----------- ----------- ----------
          1    227276.5          1
          2   223927.08          2
SQL>
SQL> drop table all_sales;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Rank() with null values

 

SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    empno              Number(3)  NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
  3    ename              VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),   -- Employee Name
  4    hireDate          DATE,                -- Date Employee Hired
  5    orig_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Orignal Salary
  6    curr_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Current Salary
  7    region             VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)     -- Region where employeed
  8  )
  9  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                   orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000,       NULL,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000,       32000,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), NULL,       58000,        "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000,      NULL,        "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), NULL,       53000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000,       NULL,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(108,"Jode",  to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000,       29000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO ENAME      HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
       122 Alison     21-MAR-96       45000             E
       123 James      12-DEC-78       23000       32000 W
       104 Celia      24-OCT-82                   58000 E
       105 Robert     15-JAN-84       31000             W
       116 Linda      30-JUL-87                   53000 E
       117 David      31-DEC-90       78000             W
       108 Jode       17-SEP-96       21000       29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- With nulls:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT empno, ename, curr_salary,
  2    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary) salary
  3  FROM Employee
  4  ORDER BY curr_salary;
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO ENAME      CURR_SALARY     SALARY
---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
       108 Jode             29000          1
       123 James            32000          2
       116 Linda            53000          3
       104 Celia            58000          4
       117 David                           5
       122 Alison                          6
       105 Robert                          7
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Rank with order by clause

 
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(80 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2234.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2324.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 3334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 4334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 5334.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 6334.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 7334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY                 DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto              Programmer
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    2234.78 Vancouver            Tester
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    2324.78 Vancouver            Tester
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    3334.78 Vancouver            Manager
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    4334.78 Vancouver            Tester
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    5334.78 New York             Tester
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    6334.78 New York             Manager
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    7334.78 Vancouver            Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary,
  2    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary)
  3  FROM employee
  4  WHERE salary > 3800
  5  ORDER BY salary;
ID   FIRST_NAME               SALARY RANK()OVER(ORDERBYSALARY)
---- -------------------- ---------- -------------------------
05   Robert                  4334.78                         1
06   Linda                   5334.78                         2
07   David                   6334.78                         3
08   James                   7334.78                         4
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



The ranking as opposed to a row-numbering problem (the problem of ties)

 
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2334.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    2334.78 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    2334.78 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- the ranking as opposed to a row-numbering problem (the problem of ties),
SQL>
SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary,
  2    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary desc) toprank
  3  FROM employee;
ID   FIRST_NAME     SALARY    TOPRANK
---- ---------- ---------- ----------
04   Celia         2334.78          1
02   Alison        2334.78          1
03   James         2334.78          1
08   James         2334.78          1
05   Robert        2334.78          1
06   Linda         2334.78          1
07   David         2334.78          1
01   Jason         1234.56          8
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>



The WHERE is applied before the RANK()

 
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(80 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2234.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2324.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 3334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 4334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 5334.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 6334.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 7334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY                 DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto              Programmer
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    2234.78 Vancouver            Tester
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    2324.78 Vancouver            Tester
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    3334.78 Vancouver            Manager
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    4334.78 Vancouver            Tester
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    5334.78 New York             Tester
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    6334.78 New York             Manager
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    7334.78 Vancouver            Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- the WHERE is applied before the RANK().
SQL>
SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary,
  2    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary) rankorder FROM employee
  3  WHERE salary < 43000
  4  ORDER BY salary;
ID   FIRST_NAME               SALARY  RANKORDER
---- -------------------- ---------- ----------
01   Jason                   1234.56          1
02   Alison                  2234.78          2
03   James                   2324.78          3
04   Celia                   3334.78          4
05   Robert                  4334.78          5
06   Linda                   5334.78          6
07   David                   6334.78          7
08   James                   7334.78          8
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>



When RANK() is added to the statement, the RANK function is applied last, just before the ordering

 

SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    empno              Number(3)  NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
  3    ename              VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),   -- Employee Name
  4    hireDate          DATE,                -- Date Employee Hired
  5    orig_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Orignal Salary
  6    curr_salary        Number(8,2),         -- Current Salary
  7    region             VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)     -- Region where employeed
  8  )
  9  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
  2    empno              Number(3)  NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
  3    jobtitle           VARCHAR2(10 BYTE)    -- Employee job title
  4  )
  5  /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000,       48000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000,       32000,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000,       58000,        "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000,      36000,        "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000,       53000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000,       85000,       "W")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno,  ename,  hireDate,                       orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
  2                values(108,"Jode",  to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000,       29000,       "E")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(101,   "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(122,   "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(123,   "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(104,   "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(105,   "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(116,   "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(117,   "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
  2           values(108,   "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO ENAME      HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
       122 Alison     21-MAR-96       45000       48000 E
       123 James      12-DEC-78       23000       32000 W
       104 Celia      24-OCT-82       53000       58000 E
       105 Robert     15-JAN-84       31000       36000 W
       116 Linda      30-JUL-87       43000       53000 E
       117 David      31-DEC-90       78000       85000 W
       108 Jode       17-SEP-96       21000       29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL> select * from job;
Hit a key to continue
     EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
       101 Painter
       122 Tester
       123 Dediator
       104 Chemist
       105 Accountant
       116 Manager
       117 Programmer
       108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- When RANK() is added to the statement, the RANK function is applied last,
SQL> -- just before the ordering:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT j.jobtitle, COUNT(*),
  2    MAX(orig_salary) maxsalary,
  3    MIN(orig_salary) minsalary,
  4    RANK() OVER(ORDER BY MAX(orig_salary)) rankorder
  5  FROM employee e, job j
  6  WHERE e.orig_salary < 43000
  7    AND e.empno = j.empno
  8  GROUP BY j.jobtitle
  9  ORDER BY rankorder;
Hit a key to continue
JOBTITLE     COUNT(*)  MAXSALARY  MINSALARY  RANKORDER
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Developer           1      21000      21000          1
Dediator            1      23000      23000          2
Accountant          1      31000      31000          3
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>