SQL Server/T-SQL Tutorial/View/View — различия между версиями

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Текущая версия на 13:24, 26 мая 2010

Create and query a view

   <source lang="sql">

5> CREATE TABLE Customers ( 6> CustomerID nchar (5) NOT NULL , 7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL , 8> ContactName nvarchar (30) NULL , 9> ContactTitle nvarchar (30) NULL , 10> Address nvarchar (60) NULL , 11> City nvarchar (15) NULL , 12> Region nvarchar (15) NULL , 13> PostalCode nvarchar (10) NULL , 14> Country nvarchar (15) NULL , 15> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL , 16> Fax nvarchar (24) NULL 17> ) 18> GO 1> 2> INSERT Customers VALUES("1","A","Maria", "Sales", "Str. 57", "Berlin" ,NULL,"12209", "Germany","111-1111111","111-1111111") 3> INSERT Customers VALUES("2","M","Joe", "Owner", "Ave. 231","Vancouver" ,NULL,"05023", "Mexico", "(222) 222-3332",NULL) 4> INSERT Customers VALUES("3","H","Thomas", "Sales", "Sq. 111","London" ,NULL,"1D00P", "UK", "(444) 444-4444","(444) 444-4444") 5> INSERT Customers VALUES("4","B","Berg", "Order", "Blv 8","Toronto" ,NULL,"00222", "Sweden", "4444-55 55 65","5555-55 55 55") 6> INSERT Customers VALUES("5","S","Moos", "Sales", "Fort 57","New York" ,NULL,"68306", "Germany","6666-66666","6666-77777") 7> INSERT Customers VALUES("6","F","Cite", "Manager","24 ","Dalles" ,NULL,"67000", "France", "88.60.15.31","88.60.15.32") 8> INSERT Customers VALUES("7","C","Sommer", "Owner", "Araq, 67","Paris" ,NULL,"28023", "Spain", "(91) 555 22 82","(91) 555 91 99") 9> INSERT Customers VALUES("8","P","Leb", "Owner", "12 ","Beijing" ,NULL,"13008", "France", "91.24.45.40","91.24.45.41") 10> INSERT Customers VALUES("9","D","Elizabeth","Manager","23 Blvd.","Tsawassen","BC", "T2F8M4","Canada", "(604) 555-4729","(604) 555-3745") 11> go (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> 3> CREATE VIEW CustomerPhoneList_vw 4> AS 5> SELECT CustomerID 6> FROM Customers 7> GO 1> 2> SELECT * FROM CustomerPhoneList_vw 3> GO CustomerID


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (9 rows affected) 1> SELECT * FROM Customers 2> GO CustomerID CompanyName ContactName ContactTitle Address City Region

      PostalCode Country         Phone                    Fax

---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ---------
---------- --------------- ------------------------ ------------------------

1 A Maria Sales Str. 57 Berlin NULL

      12209      Germany         111-1111111              111-1111111

2 M Joe Owner Ave. 231 Vancouver NULL

      05023      Mexico          (222) 222-3332           NULL

3 H Thomas Sales Sq. 111 London NULL

      1D00P      UK              (444) 444-4444           (444) 444-4444

4 B Berg Order Blv 8 Toronto NULL

      00222      Sweden          4444-55 55 65            5555-55 55 55

5 S Moos Sales Fort 57 New York NULL

      68306      Germany         6666-66666               6666-77777

6 F Cite Manager 24 Dalles NULL

      67000      France          88.60.15.31              88.60.15.32

7 C Sommer Owner Araq, 67 Paris NULL

      28023      Spain           (91) 555 22 82           (91) 555 91 99

8 P Leb Owner 12 Beijing NULL

      13008      France          91.24.45.40              91.24.45.41

9 D Elizabeth Manager 23 Blvd. Tsawassen BC

      T2F8M4     Canada          (604) 555-4729           (604) 555-3745

(9 rows affected) 1> 2> drop view CustomerPhoneList_vw; 3> GO 1> 2> drop table Customers; 3> GO 1></source>


Create a view to wrap a long sql statement

   <source lang="sql">

2> 3> CREATE TABLE authors( 4> au_id varchar(11), 5> au_lname varchar(40) NOT NULL, 6> au_fname varchar(20) NOT NULL, 7> phone char(12) NOT NULL DEFAULT ("UNKNOWN"), 8> address varchar(40) NULL, 9> city varchar(20) NULL, 10> state char(2) NULL, 11> zip char(5) NULL, 12> contract bit NOT NULL 13> ) 14> GO 1> insert authors values("1", "Joe", "Abra", "111 111-1111", "6 St.", "Berkeley", "CA", "11111", 1) 2> insert authors values("2", "Jack", "Majo", "222 222-2222", "3 St.", "Oakland" , "CA", "22222", 1) 3> insert authors values("3", "Pink", "Cherry", "333 333-3333", "5 Ln.", "Vancouver", "BC", "33333", 1) 4> insert authors values("4", "Blue", "Albert", "444 444-4444", "7 Av.", "Vancouver", "BC", "44444", 1) 5> insert authors values("5", "Red", "Anne", "555 555-5555", "6 Av.", "Regina", "SK", "55555", 1) 6> insert authors values("6", "Black", "Michel", "666 666-6666", "3 Pl.", "Regina", "SK", "66666", 1) 7> insert authors values("7", "White", "Sylvia", "777 777-7777", "1 Pl.", "Rockville", "MD", "77777", 1) 8> insert authors values("8", "Yellow","Heather","888 888-8888", "3 Pu", "Vacaville", "CA", "88888", 0) 9> insert authors values("9", "Gold", "Dep", "999 999-9999", "5 Av.", "Oakland", "CA", "99999", 0) 10> insert authors values("10", "Siler", "Dean", "000 000-0000", "4 Av.", "Oakland", "CA", "00000", 1) 11> GO (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> CREATE TABLE titleauthor( 3> au_id varchar(20), 4> title_id varchar(20), 5> au_ord tinyint NULL, 6> royaltyper int NULL 7> ) 8> GO 1> 2> insert titleauthor values("1", "2", 1, 60) 3> insert titleauthor values("2", "3", 1, 100) 4> insert titleauthor values("3", "4", 1, 100) 5> insert titleauthor values("4", "5", 1, 100) 6> insert titleauthor values("5", "6", 1, 100) 7> insert titleauthor values("6", "7", 2, 40) 8> insert titleauthor values("7", "8", 1, 100) 9> insert titleauthor values("8", "9", 1, 100) 10> GO (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> CREATE TABLE sales( 3> stor_id char(4) NOT NULL, 4> ord_num varchar(20) NOT NULL, 5> ord_date datetime NOT NULL, 6> qty smallint NOT NULL, 7> payterms varchar(12) NOT NULL, 8> title_id varchar(80) 9> ) 10> GO 1> insert sales values("1", "QA7442.3", "09/13/94", 75, "ON Billing","1") 2> insert sales values("2", "D4482", "09/14/94", 10, "Net 60", "1") 3> insert sales values("3", "N914008", "09/14/94", 20, "Net 30", "2") 4> insert sales values("4", "N914014", "09/14/94", 25, "Net 30", "3") 5> insert sales values("5", "423LL922", "09/14/94", 15, "ON Billing","3") 6> insert sales values("6", "423LL930", "09/14/94", 10, "ON Billing","2") 7> GO (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> 3> 4> --CREATE our view 5> CREATE VIEW vSalesCount 6> AS 7> SELECT au.au_id, 8> au.au_lname + ", " + au.au_fname AS au_name, au.address, 9> au.city + ", " + au.state + " " + zip AS address2, 10> SUM(s.qty) As SalesCount 11> FROM authors au 12> JOIN titleauthor ta 13> ON au.au_id = ta.au_id 14> JOIN sales s 15> ON ta.title_id = s.title_id 16> GROUP BY au.au_id, 17> au.au_lname + ", " + au.au_fname, 18> au.address, 19> au.city + ", " + au.state + " " + zip 20> GO 1> 2> 3> SELECT au_name, address, Address2 FROM vSalesCount 4> WHERE SalesCount > 25 5> GO au_name address Address2


---------------------------------------- ------------------------------

Joe, Abra 6 St. Berkeley, CA 11111 Jack, Majo 3 St. Oakland, CA 22222 (2 rows affected) 1> 2> drop view vSalesCount; 3> GO 1> 2> drop table authors; 3> GO 1> drop table titleauthor; 2> drop table sales; 3> GO 1> 2></source>


Join syscomments and sysobjects to query a view

   <source lang="sql">

5> CREATE TABLE Shippers ( 6> ShipperID int NOT NULL , 7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL , 8> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL 9> ) 10> GO 1> 2> 3> INSERT Shippers VALUES(1,"Express","(503) 555-9831") 4> INSERT Shippers VALUES(2,"Package","(503) 555-3199") 5> INSERT Shippers VALUES(3,"Shipping","(503) 555-9931") 6> go (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw 3> AS 4> SELECT ShipperID, 5> CompanyName, 6> Phone 7> FROM Shippers 8> WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%" 9> WITH CHECK OPTION 10> GO 1> 2> 3> SELECT sc.text FROM syscomments sc 4> JOIN sysobjects so 5> ON sc.id = so.id 6> WHERE so.name = "OregonShippers_vw" 7> GO text


























  CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
  AS
  SELECT   ShipperID,
           CompanyName,
           Phone
  FROM     Shippers
  WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
  WITH CHECK OPTION






(1 rows affected) 1> 2> EXEC sp_helptext OregonShippers_vw; 3> 4> drop view OregonShippers_vw; 5> GO Text



  CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
  AS
  SELECT   ShipperID,
           CompanyName,
           Phone
  FROM     Shippers
  WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
  WITH CHECK OPTION

1> 2> drop table Shippers; 3> GO 1> 2></source>


Setting Permissions on a View

   <source lang="sql">

3> 4> CREATE TABLE employee( 5> id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, 6> first_name VARCHAR(10), 7> last_name VARCHAR(10), 8> salary DECIMAL(10,2), 9> start_Date DATETIME, 10> region VARCHAR(10), 11> city VARCHAR(20), 12> managerid INTEGER 13> ); 14> GO 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" , "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison", "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" , "Smith", 6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" , "Rice", 5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert", "Black", 4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" , "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" , "Larry", 5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" , "Cat", 4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan" , "Act", 6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10); 2> GO (1 rows affected) 1> 2> select * from employee; 3> GO id first_name last_name salary start_Date region city managerid


---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
         1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
         2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
         3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
         4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
         5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
         6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
         7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
         8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
         9 Joan       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10

(9 rows affected) 1> 2> 3> 4> IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME 5> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS 6> WHERE TABLE_NAME = "vEmployee") 7> DROP VIEW vEmployee 8> GO 1> CREATE VIEW vEmployee WITH SCHEMABINDING 2> AS 3> SELECT Id, first_name FROM dbo.Employee 4> GO 1> 2> 3> GRANT ALL 4> ON vEmployee 5> TO Developers 6> GO 1> 2> drop view vEmployee 3> drop table employee; 4> GO</source>


View creation syntax

   <source lang="sql">

CREATE VIEW <view name> AS <SELECT statement> The above syntax just represents the minimum, of course, but it"s still all we need in a large percentage of the situations. The more extended syntax looks like this: CREATE VIEW <view name> [(<column name list>)] [WITH [ENCRYPTION] [,SCHEMABINDING] [, VIEW_METADATA]] AS <SELECT statement> WITH CHECK OPTION</source>


VIEWS ARE STORED named SELECT statements.

   <source lang="sql">

Views are not a copy of your data. Views have the look and feel of a table. You can, with certain limitations, issue all DML statements against a view. When you issue a query against a view, it is internally merged with the underlying SELECT statement and then issued against the base table or tables.</source>


View with check option

   <source lang="sql">

5> CREATE TABLE Shippers ( 6> ShipperID int NOT NULL , 7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL , 8> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL 9> ) 10> GO 1> 2> 3> INSERT Shippers VALUES(1,"Express","(503) 555-9831") 4> INSERT Shippers VALUES(2,"Package","(503) 555-3199") 5> INSERT Shippers VALUES(3,"Shipping","(503) 555-9931") 6> go (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) (1 rows affected) 1> 2> CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw 3> AS 4> SELECT ShipperID, 5> CompanyName, 6> Phone 7> FROM Shippers 8> WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%" 9> WITH CHECK OPTION 10> GO 1> 2> 3> 4> UPDATE OregonShippers_vw 5> SET Phone = "(333) 555 9831" 6> WHERE ShipperID = 1 7> GO Msg 550, Level 16, State 1, Server J\SQLEXPRESS, Line 4 The attempted insert or update failed because the target view either specifies WITH CHECK OPTION or spans a view that specifies WITH CHECK OPTION and one or more rows resulting from the operation did not qualify under the CHECK OPTION constraint. The statement has been terminated. 1> drop view OregonShippers_vw; 2> GO 1> 2> drop table Shippers; 3> GO</source>