Oracle PL/SQL/Analytical Functions/Analytical Functions Basics
Содержание
- 1 Adding an Analytical Function to a Query that Contains a Join (and Other WHERE Conditions)
- 2 Adding an Analytical Function to the GROUP BY with ORDER BY Version
- 3 Changing the Final Ordering after Having Added an Analytical Function
- 4 Column alias for the analytical function is used in the final ORDER BY
- 5 Combine analytical function with count(*)
- 6 If more analytical functions are added, yet more sorting may result
- 7 More Than One Analytical Function May Be Used in a Single Statement
- 8 Nulls could also be handled with a default value using the NVL function in the analytical function
- 9 See the difference between a person"s salary and the average for his or her region
- 10 The direct application of a WHERE clause in the query is not allowed
- 11 Use an analytical function in a WHERE clause
- 12 Use multiple analytical functions
Adding an Analytical Function to a Query that Contains a Join (and Other WHERE Conditions)
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values (101,"Jason",to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), 34000, 44000 "W")
3 /
values (101,"Jason",to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), 34000, 44000 "W")
*
ERROR at line 2: ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Adding an Analytical Function to a Query that Contains a Join (and Other WHERE Conditions) SQL> SQL> SELECT e.empno, e.ename, j.jobtitle, e.orig_salary,
2 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY e.orig_salary desc) rankorder 3 FROM employee e, job j 4 WHERE e.orig_salary < 43000 5 AND e.empno = j.empno 6 ORDER BY orig_salary desc;
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME JOBTITLE ORIG_SALARY RANKORDER
---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
105 Robert Accountant 31000 1
123 James Dediator 23000 2
108 Jode Developer 21000 3
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Adding an Analytical Function to the GROUP BY with ORDER BY Version
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- Adding an Analytical Function to the GROUP BY with ORDER BY Version SQL> SQL> -- When the analytical function RANK is added to the statement, the RANK function is applied last, SQL> -- just before the ordering: SQL> SQL> SELECT j.jobtitle, COUNT(*),
2 MAX(orig_salary) maxsalary, 3 MIN(orig_salary) minsalary, 4 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY MAX(orig_salary)) rankorder 5 FROM employee e, job j 6 WHERE e.orig_salary < 43000 7 AND e.empno = j.empno 8 GROUP BY j.jobtitle 9 ORDER BY rankorder;
Hit a key to continue JOBTITLE COUNT(*) MAXSALARY MINSALARY RANKORDER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Developer 1 21000 21000 1 Dediator 1 23000 23000 2 Accountant 1 31000 31000 3 SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Changing the Final Ordering after Having Added an Analytical Function
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- Changing the Final Ordering after Having Added an Analytical Function SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SELECT j.jobtitle, COUNT(*), MAX(orig_salary) maxsalary,
2 MIN(orig_salary) minsalary, 3 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY MAX(orig_salary)) rankorder 4 FROM employee e, job j 5 WHERE e.orig_salary < 43000 6 AND e.empno = j.empno 7 GROUP BY j.jobtitle 8 ORDER BY j.jobtitle desc;
Hit a key to continue JOBTITLE COUNT(*) MAXSALARY MINSALARY RANKORDER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Developer 1 21000 21000 1 Dediator 1 23000 23000 2 Accountant 1 31000 31000 3 SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
Column alias for the analytical function is used in the final ORDER BY
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, NULL, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), NULL, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, NULL, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), NULL, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, NULL, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- column alias for the analytical function is used in the final ORDER BY SQL> SQL> SELECT empno, ename, NVL(curr_salary,44444),
2 RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY NVL(curr_salary,44444) desc) salary
4 FROM employee
5 ORDER BY salary;
EMPNO ENAME NVL(CURR_SALARY,44444) SALARY
---------- ---------------------- ----------
104 Celia 58000 1
116 Linda 53000 2
122 Alison 44444 3
105 Robert 44444 3
117 David 44444 3
123 James 32000 6
108 Jode 29000 7
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Combine analytical function with count(*)
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ------------------------ ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select id, avg(salary), sum(salary), max(salary), count(*) from Employee group by id; ID AVG(SALARY) SUM(SALARY) MAX(SALARY) COUNT(*)
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
04 2344.78 2344.78 2344.78 1.00 08 1232.78 1232.78 1232.78 1.00 07 7897.78 7897.78 7897.78 1.00 01 1234.56 1234.56 1234.56 1.00 02 6661.78 6661.78 6661.78 1.00 03 6544.78 6544.78 6544.78 1.00 05 2334.78 2334.78 2334.78 1.00 06 4322.78 4322.78 4322.78 1.00 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
If more analytical functions are added, yet more sorting may result
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- If more analytical functions are added, yet more sorting may result SQL> SQL> SELECT empno, ename, orig_salary, curr_salary,
2 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY orig_salary) rank, 3 DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary) d_rank 4 FROM employee 5 WHERE orig_salary > 38000 6 ORDER BY ename;
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY RANK D_RANK
---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
122 Alison 45000 48000 2 1
104 Celia 53000 58000 3 3
117 David 78000 85000 4 4
116 Linda 43000 53000 1 2
SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
More Than One Analytical Function May Be Used in a Single Statement
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- More Than One Analytical Function May Be Used in a Single Statement SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SELECT empno, ename, curr_salary,
2 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary) rnum, 3 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary) rank, 4 DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY curr_salary) drank 5 FROM employee 6 ORDER BY ename;
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME CURR_SALARY RNUM RANK DRANK
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------
122 Alison 48000 4 4 4
104 Celia 58000 6 6 6
117 David 85000 7 7 7
123 James 32000 2 2 2
108 Jode 29000 1 1 1
116 Linda 53000 5 5 5
105 Robert 36000 3 3 3
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Nulls could also be handled with a default value using the NVL function in the analytical function
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, NULL, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), NULL, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, NULL, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), NULL, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, NULL, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Nulls could also be handled with a default value using the NVL function in the analytical SQL> -- function like this: SQL> SQL> SELECT empno, ename, NVL(curr_salary,44444),
2 RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY NVL(curr_salary,44444) desc NULLS LAST)
4 salary
5 FROM employee
6 ORDER BY curr_salary desc NULLS LAST;
EMPNO ENAME NVL(CURR_SALARY,44444) SALARY
---------- ---------------------- ----------
104 Celia 58000 1
116 Linda 53000 2
123 James 32000 6
108 Jode 29000 7
117 David 44444 3
122 Alison 44444 3
105 Robert 44444 3
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
See the difference between a person"s salary and the average for his or her region
<source lang="sql">
SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> select * from employee;
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> -- See the difference between a person"s salary and the average for his or her region SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SELECT empno, ename, region, curr_salary,
2 orig_salary,
3 ROUND(AVG(orig_salary) OVER(PARTITION BY region))
4 "Avg-group",
5 ROUND(orig_salary - AVG(orig_salary) OVER(PARTITION
6 BY region)) "Diff."
7 FROM employee
8 ORDER BY region, ename;
EMPNO ENAME R CURR_SALARY ORIG_SALARY Avg-group Diff.
---------- - ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
122 Alison E 48000 45000 40500 4500
104 Celia E 58000 53000 40500 12500
108 Jode E 29000 21000 40500 -19500
116 Linda E 53000 43000 40500 2500
117 David W 85000 78000 44000 34000
123 James W 32000 23000 44000 -21000
105 Robert W 36000 31000 44000 -13000
7 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
The direct application of a WHERE clause in the query is not allowed
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(80 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2234.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2324.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 3334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 4334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 5334.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 6334.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 7334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2234.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2324.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 3334.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 4334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 5334.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 6334.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 7334.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- the direct application of a WHERE clause in the query is not allowed: SQL> SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary,
2 DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary desc) toprank 3 FROM employee 4 WHERE DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary desc) <= 5;
WHERE DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary desc) <= 5
*
ERROR at line 4: ORA-30483: window functions are not allowed here
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
Use an analytical function in a WHERE clause
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name 4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired 5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary 6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary 7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed 8 ) 9 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID 3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title 4 ) 5 /
Table created. SQL> -- prepare data for employee table SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data for job table SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected. SQL> select * from job; Hit a key to continue
EMPNO JOBTITLE
----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Use an analytical function in a WHERE clause SQL> SQL> SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM 3 (SELECT empno, ename, orig_salary, 4 DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY orig_salary) d_rank 5 FROM employee) x 6 WHERE x.d_rank = 3;
Hit a key to continue
EMPNO ENAME ORIG_SALARY D_RANK
---------- ----------- ----------
105 Robert 31000 3
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table job; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>
</source>
Use multiple analytical functions
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(80 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 2234.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 2324.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 3334.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 4334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 5334.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 6334.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 7334.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 2234.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 2324.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 3334.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 4334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 5334.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 6334.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 7334.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- multiple analytical functions SQL> SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary,
2 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY salary desc) toprank_orig, 3 salary, 4 RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Start_Date desc) toprank_curr 5 FROM employee 6 ORDER BY first_name;
ID FIRST_NAME SALARY TOPRANK_ORIG SALARY TOPRANK_CURR
-------------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ------------
02 Alison 2234.78 7 2234.78 8 04 Celia 3334.78 5 3334.78 6 07 David 6334.78 2 6334.78 3 08 James 7334.78 1 7334.78 1 03 James 2324.78 6 2324.78 7 01 Jason 1234.56 8 1234.56 2 06 Linda 5334.78 3 5334.78 4 05 Robert 4334.78 4 4334.78 5 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL>
</source>
