SQL Server/T-SQL Tutorial/View/View
Содержание
Create and query a view
5> CREATE TABLE Customers (
6> CustomerID nchar (5) NOT NULL ,
7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL ,
8> ContactName nvarchar (30) NULL ,
9> ContactTitle nvarchar (30) NULL ,
10> Address nvarchar (60) NULL ,
11> City nvarchar (15) NULL ,
12> Region nvarchar (15) NULL ,
13> PostalCode nvarchar (10) NULL ,
14> Country nvarchar (15) NULL ,
15> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL ,
16> Fax nvarchar (24) NULL
17> )
18> GO
1>
2> INSERT Customers VALUES("1","A","Maria", "Sales", "Str. 57", "Berlin" ,NULL,"12209", "Germany","111-1111111","111-1111111")
3> INSERT Customers VALUES("2","M","Joe", "Owner", "Ave. 231","Vancouver" ,NULL,"05023", "Mexico", "(222) 222-3332",NULL)
4> INSERT Customers VALUES("3","H","Thomas", "Sales", "Sq. 111","London" ,NULL,"1D00P", "UK", "(444) 444-4444","(444) 444-4444")
5> INSERT Customers VALUES("4","B","Berg", "Order", "Blv 8","Toronto" ,NULL,"00222", "Sweden", "4444-55 55 65","5555-55 55 55")
6> INSERT Customers VALUES("5","S","Moos", "Sales", "Fort 57","New York" ,NULL,"68306", "Germany","6666-66666","6666-77777")
7> INSERT Customers VALUES("6","F","Cite", "Manager","24 ","Dalles" ,NULL,"67000", "France", "88.60.15.31","88.60.15.32")
8> INSERT Customers VALUES("7","C","Sommer", "Owner", "Araq, 67","Paris" ,NULL,"28023", "Spain", "(91) 555 22 82","(91) 555 91 99")
9> INSERT Customers VALUES("8","P","Leb", "Owner", "12 ","Beijing" ,NULL,"13008", "France", "91.24.45.40","91.24.45.41")
10> INSERT Customers VALUES("9","D","Elizabeth","Manager","23 Blvd.","Tsawassen","BC", "T2F8M4","Canada", "(604) 555-4729","(604) 555-3745")
11> go
(1 rows affected)
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1>
2>
3> CREATE VIEW CustomerPhoneList_vw
4> AS
5> SELECT CustomerID
6> FROM Customers
7> GO
1>
2> SELECT * FROM CustomerPhoneList_vw
3> GO
CustomerID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(9 rows affected)
1> SELECT * FROM Customers
2> GO
CustomerID CompanyName ContactName ContactTitle Address City Region
PostalCode Country Phone Fax
---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ---------
------ ---------- --------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
1 A Maria Sales Str. 57 Berlin NULL
12209 Germany 111-1111111 111-1111111
2 M Joe Owner Ave. 231 Vancouver NULL
05023 Mexico (222) 222-3332 NULL
3 H Thomas Sales Sq. 111 London NULL
1D00P UK (444) 444-4444 (444) 444-4444
4 B Berg Order Blv 8 Toronto NULL
00222 Sweden 4444-55 55 65 5555-55 55 55
5 S Moos Sales Fort 57 New York NULL
68306 Germany 6666-66666 6666-77777
6 F Cite Manager 24 Dalles NULL
67000 France 88.60.15.31 88.60.15.32
7 C Sommer Owner Araq, 67 Paris NULL
28023 Spain (91) 555 22 82 (91) 555 91 99
8 P Leb Owner 12 Beijing NULL
13008 France 91.24.45.40 91.24.45.41
9 D Elizabeth Manager 23 Blvd. Tsawassen BC
T2F8M4 Canada (604) 555-4729 (604) 555-3745
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> drop view CustomerPhoneList_vw;
3> GO
1>
2> drop table Customers;
3> GO
1>
Create a view to wrap a long sql statement
2>
3> CREATE TABLE authors(
4> au_id varchar(11),
5> au_lname varchar(40) NOT NULL,
6> au_fname varchar(20) NOT NULL,
7> phone char(12) NOT NULL DEFAULT ("UNKNOWN"),
8> address varchar(40) NULL,
9> city varchar(20) NULL,
10> state char(2) NULL,
11> zip char(5) NULL,
12> contract bit NOT NULL
13> )
14> GO
1> insert authors values("1", "Joe", "Abra", "111 111-1111", "6 St.", "Berkeley", "CA", "11111", 1)
2> insert authors values("2", "Jack", "Majo", "222 222-2222", "3 St.", "Oakland" , "CA", "22222", 1)
3> insert authors values("3", "Pink", "Cherry", "333 333-3333", "5 Ln.", "Vancouver", "BC", "33333", 1)
4> insert authors values("4", "Blue", "Albert", "444 444-4444", "7 Av.", "Vancouver", "BC", "44444", 1)
5> insert authors values("5", "Red", "Anne", "555 555-5555", "6 Av.", "Regina", "SK", "55555", 1)
6> insert authors values("6", "Black", "Michel", "666 666-6666", "3 Pl.", "Regina", "SK", "66666", 1)
7> insert authors values("7", "White", "Sylvia", "777 777-7777", "1 Pl.", "Rockville", "MD", "77777", 1)
8> insert authors values("8", "Yellow","Heather","888 888-8888", "3 Pu", "Vacaville", "CA", "88888", 0)
9> insert authors values("9", "Gold", "Dep", "999 999-9999", "5 Av.", "Oakland", "CA", "99999", 0)
10> insert authors values("10", "Siler", "Dean", "000 000-0000", "4 Av.", "Oakland", "CA", "00000", 1)
11> GO
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
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(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
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(1 rows affected)
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(1 rows affected)
1>
2> CREATE TABLE titleauthor(
3> au_id varchar(20),
4> title_id varchar(20),
5> au_ord tinyint NULL,
6> royaltyper int NULL
7> )
8> GO
1>
2> insert titleauthor values("1", "2", 1, 60)
3> insert titleauthor values("2", "3", 1, 100)
4> insert titleauthor values("3", "4", 1, 100)
5> insert titleauthor values("4", "5", 1, 100)
6> insert titleauthor values("5", "6", 1, 100)
7> insert titleauthor values("6", "7", 2, 40)
8> insert titleauthor values("7", "8", 1, 100)
9> insert titleauthor values("8", "9", 1, 100)
10> GO
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
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(1 rows affected)
1>
2> CREATE TABLE sales(
3> stor_id char(4) NOT NULL,
4> ord_num varchar(20) NOT NULL,
5> ord_date datetime NOT NULL,
6> qty smallint NOT NULL,
7> payterms varchar(12) NOT NULL,
8> title_id varchar(80)
9> )
10> GO
1> insert sales values("1", "QA7442.3", "09/13/94", 75, "ON Billing","1")
2> insert sales values("2", "D4482", "09/14/94", 10, "Net 60", "1")
3> insert sales values("3", "N914008", "09/14/94", 20, "Net 30", "2")
4> insert sales values("4", "N914014", "09/14/94", 25, "Net 30", "3")
5> insert sales values("5", "423LL922", "09/14/94", 15, "ON Billing","3")
6> insert sales values("6", "423LL930", "09/14/94", 10, "ON Billing","2")
7> GO
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
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1>
2>
3>
4> --CREATE our view
5> CREATE VIEW vSalesCount
6> AS
7> SELECT au.au_id,
8> au.au_lname + ", " + au.au_fname AS au_name, au.address,
9> au.city + ", " + au.state + " " + zip AS address2,
10> SUM(s.qty) As SalesCount
11> FROM authors au
12> JOIN titleauthor ta
13> ON au.au_id = ta.au_id
14> JOIN sales s
15> ON ta.title_id = s.title_id
16> GROUP BY au.au_id,
17> au.au_lname + ", " + au.au_fname,
18> au.address,
19> au.city + ", " + au.state + " " + zip
20> GO
1>
2>
3> SELECT au_name, address, Address2 FROM vSalesCount
4> WHERE SalesCount > 25
5> GO
au_name address Address2
-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Joe, Abra 6 St. Berkeley, CA 11111
Jack, Majo 3 St. Oakland, CA 22222
(2 rows affected)
1>
2> drop view vSalesCount;
3> GO
1>
2> drop table authors;
3> GO
1> drop table titleauthor;
2> drop table sales;
3> GO
1>
2>
Join syscomments and sysobjects to query a view
5> CREATE TABLE Shippers (
6> ShipperID int NOT NULL ,
7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL ,
8> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL
9> )
10> GO
1>
2>
3> INSERT Shippers VALUES(1,"Express","(503) 555-9831")
4> INSERT Shippers VALUES(2,"Package","(503) 555-3199")
5> INSERT Shippers VALUES(3,"Shipping","(503) 555-9931")
6> go
(1 rows affected)
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1>
2> CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
3> AS
4> SELECT ShipperID,
5> CompanyName,
6> Phone
7> FROM Shippers
8> WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
9> WITH CHECK OPTION
10> GO
1>
2>
3> SELECT sc.text FROM syscomments sc
4> JOIN sysobjects so
5> ON sc.id = so.id
6> WHERE so.name = "OregonShippers_vw"
7> GO
text
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CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
AS
SELECT ShipperID,
CompanyName,
Phone
FROM Shippers
WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
WITH CHECK OPTION
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> EXEC sp_helptext OregonShippers_vw;
3>
4> drop view OregonShippers_vw;
5> GO
Text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
AS
SELECT ShipperID,
CompanyName,
Phone
FROM Shippers
WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
WITH CHECK OPTION
1>
2> drop table Shippers;
3> GO
1>
2>
Setting Permissions on a View
3>
4> CREATE TABLE employee(
5> id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
6> first_name VARCHAR(10),
7> last_name VARCHAR(10),
8> salary DECIMAL(10,2),
9> start_Date DATETIME,
10> region VARCHAR(10),
11> city VARCHAR(20),
12> managerid INTEGER
13> );
14> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" , "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison", "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" , "Smith", 6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" , "Rice", 5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert", "Black", 4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" , "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" , "Larry", 5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" , "Cat", 4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan" , "Act", 6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id first_name last_name salary start_Date region city managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
1 Jason Martin 5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North Vancouver 3
2 Alison Mathews 4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South Utown 4
3 James Smith 6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North Paris 5
4 Celia Rice 5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South London 6
5 Robert Black 4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East Newton 7
6 Linda Green 6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East Calgary 8
7 David Larry 5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West New York 9
8 James Cat 4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West Regina 9
9 Joan Act 6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North Toronto 10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME
5> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS
6> WHERE TABLE_NAME = "vEmployee")
7> DROP VIEW vEmployee
8> GO
1> CREATE VIEW vEmployee WITH SCHEMABINDING
2> AS
3> SELECT Id, first_name FROM dbo.Employee
4> GO
1>
2>
3> GRANT ALL
4> ON vEmployee
5> TO Developers
6> GO
1>
2> drop view vEmployee
3> drop table employee;
4> GO
View creation syntax
CREATE VIEW <view name>
AS
<SELECT statement>
The above syntax just represents the minimum, of course, but it"s still all we need in a large percentage of the situations. The more extended syntax looks like this:
CREATE VIEW <view name> [(<column name list>)]
[WITH [ENCRYPTION] [,SCHEMABINDING] [, VIEW_METADATA]]
AS
<SELECT statement>
WITH CHECK OPTION
VIEWS ARE STORED named SELECT statements.
Views are not a copy of your data.
Views have the look and feel of a table.
You can, with certain limitations, issue all DML statements against a view.
When you issue a query against a view, it is internally merged with the underlying
SELECT statement and then issued against the base table or tables.
View with check option
5> CREATE TABLE Shippers (
6> ShipperID int NOT NULL ,
7> CompanyName nvarchar (40) NOT NULL ,
8> Phone nvarchar (24) NULL
9> )
10> GO
1>
2>
3> INSERT Shippers VALUES(1,"Express","(503) 555-9831")
4> INSERT Shippers VALUES(2,"Package","(503) 555-3199")
5> INSERT Shippers VALUES(3,"Shipping","(503) 555-9931")
6> go
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> CREATE VIEW OregonShippers_vw
3> AS
4> SELECT ShipperID,
5> CompanyName,
6> Phone
7> FROM Shippers
8> WHERE Phone LIKE "(503)%"
9> WITH CHECK OPTION
10> GO
1>
2>
3>
4> UPDATE OregonShippers_vw
5> SET Phone = "(333) 555 9831"
6> WHERE ShipperID = 1
7> GO
Msg 550, Level 16, State 1, Server J\SQLEXPRESS, Line 4
The attempted insert or update failed because the target view either specifies WITH CHECK OPTION or spans a view that specifies WITH CHECK OPTION and one or more rows resulting from the operation did
not qualify under the CHECK OPTION constraint.
The statement has been terminated.
1> drop view OregonShippers_vw;
2> GO
1>
2> drop table Shippers;
3> GO