Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Query Select/AND OR
Версия от 13:45, 26 мая 2010; (обсуждение)
Содержание
- 1 1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1 (case 1)
- 2 (1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1 (case 2)
- 3 1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1) (case 3)
- 4 Combine conditions with AND and OR
- 5 Combine NOT and AND
- 6 Combine three conditions with OR
- 7 CONDITION
- 8 Not Equal and OR
- 9 Replace IN operator with or operator
- 10 (state = "CA") OR (state <> "CA")
- 11 Use AND to link two conditions
- 12 Use "OR" to link two conditions
- 13 Use parenthesis to change the order of AND and OR
1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1 (case 1)
SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual
3 where 1=1 or 1=0 and 0=1;
CONDITION
---------
is true
(1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1 (case 2)
SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual
3 where (1=1 or 1=0) and 0=1;
no rows selected
SQL>
1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1) (case 3)
SQL> select "is true " as condition
2 from dual
3 where 1=1 or (1=0 and 0=1);
Combine conditions with AND and OR
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE titles(
2 title_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
3 title_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
4 type VARCHAR(10) NULL ,
5 pub_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
6 pages INTEGER NULL ,
7 price DECIMAL(5,2) NULL ,
8 sales INTEGER NULL ,
9 pubdate DATE NULL ,
10 contract SMALLINT NOT NULL
11 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT title_id, type, price
2 FROM titles
3 WHERE type = "history"
4 OR type = "biography"
5 AND price < 20;
TIT TYPE PRICE
--- ---------- ----------
T01 history 21.99
T02 history 19.95
T06 biography 19.95
T12 biography 12.99
T13 history 29.99
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table titles;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Combine NOT and AND
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select ename, init
2 from employees
3 where not (ename = "JONES" and init = "R");
ENAME INIT
-------- -----
Jason N
Jerry J
Jord T
Mary J
Joe P
Black R
Red A
White S
Yellow C
Pink J
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Combine three conditions with OR
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees (
2 au_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
3 au_fname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
4 au_lname VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
5 phone VARCHAR(12) NULL ,
6 address VARCHAR(20) NULL ,
7 city VARCHAR(15) NULL ,
8 state CHAR(2) NULL ,
9 zip CHAR(5) NULL
10 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A01","S","B","111-111-1111","75 St","Boston","NY","11111");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A02","W","H","222-222-2222","2922 Rd","Boston","CO","22222");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A03","H","H","333-333-3333","3800 Ave, #14F","San Francisco","CA","33333");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A04","K","H","444-444-4444","3800 Ave, #14F","San Francisco","CA","44444");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A05","C","K","555-555-5555","114 St","New York","NY","55555");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A06"," ","K","666-666-666","390 Mall","Palo Alto","CA","66666");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES("A07","P","O","777-777-7777","1442 St","Sarasota","FL","77777");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT au_fname, au_lname, city, state
2 FROM employees
3 WHERE (state = "NY")
4 OR (state = "CO")
5 OR (city = "San Francisco");
AU_FNAME AU_LNAME CITY ST
--------------- --------------- --------------- --
S B Boston NY
W H Boston CO
H H San Francisco CA
K H San Francisco CA
C K New York NY
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
CONDITION
---------
is true
Not Equal and OR
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select ename, init
2 from employees
3 where ename <> "JONES" or init <> "R";
ENAME INIT
-------- -----
Jason N
Jerry J
Jord T
Mary J
Joe P
Black R
Red A
White S
Yellow C
Pink J
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
Replace IN operator with or operator
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select empno, job, bdate
2 from employees
3 where bdate < date "1960-01-01"
4 and job in ("TRAINER","SALESREP");
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select empno, job, bdate
2 from employees
3 where bdate < date "1960-01-01"
4 and (job = "TRAINER" or job = "SALESREP");
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
(state = "CA") OR (state <> "CA")
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE publishers(
2 pub_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
3 pub_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
4 city VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
5 state CHAR(2) NULL ,
6 country VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO publishers VALUES("P01","A","New York","NY","USA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO publishers VALUES("P02","C","San Francisco","CA","USA");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO publishers VALUES("P03","S","Hamburg",NULL,"Germany");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO publishers VALUES("P04","T","Berkeley","CA","USA");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT pub_id, pub_name, state, country
2 FROM publishers
3 WHERE (state = "CA") OR (state <> "CA");
PUB PUB_NAME ST COUNTRY
--- -------------------- -- ---------------
P01 A NY USA
P02 C CA USA
P04 T CA USA
SQL>
SQL> drop table publishers;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Use AND to link two conditions
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT first_name
2 FROM employee
3 WHERE salary >= 30000
4 AND
5 start_date IS NOT NULL
6 ORDER BY first_name;
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Use "OR" to link two conditions
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE titles(
2 title_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
3 title_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
4 type VARCHAR(10) NULL ,
5 pub_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
6 pages INTEGER NULL ,
7 price DECIMAL(5,2) NULL ,
8 sales INTEGER NULL ,
9 pubdate DATE NULL ,
10 contract SMALLINT NOT NULL
11 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT title_name, type, price
2 FROM titles
3 WHERE type = "biography" AND price < 20;
TITLE_NAME TYPE PRICE
---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
JavaScript biography 19.95
Office biography 12.99
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table titles;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Use parenthesis to change the order of AND and OR
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE titles(
2 title_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
3 title_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
4 type VARCHAR(10) NULL ,
5 pub_id CHAR(3) NOT NULL,
6 pages INTEGER NULL ,
7 price DECIMAL(5,2) NULL ,
8 sales INTEGER NULL ,
9 pubdate DATE NULL ,
10 contract SMALLINT NOT NULL
11 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO titles VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT title_id, type, price
2 FROM titles
3 WHERE (type = "history" OR type = "biography") AND price < 20;
TIT TYPE PRICE
--- ---------- ----------
T02 history 19.95
T06 biography 19.95
T12 biography 12.99
SQL>
SQL> drop table titles;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>