Oracle PL/SQL/Index/Create Index

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Create a fully indexed table named myCode

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SQL> SQL> create table myCode(

 2    codeValue  VARCHAR2(1) primary key,
 3    Description VARCHAR2(25)
 4  );

Table created. SQL> SQL> create index i1 on myCode (codeValue, Description); Index created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop index i1; Index dropped. SQL> SQL> drop table myCode; Table dropped.



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Create an index, and add primary key to use that index

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SQL> SQL> SQL> create table inventory(

 2  partno number(4),
 3  partdesc varchar2(35),
 4  price number(8,2),
 5  warehouse varchar2(15));

Table created. SQL> SQL> Create index invent_part_loc_idx

 2  On inventory (partno, warehouse)
 3  Pctfree 10;

Index created. SQL> SQL> Alter table inventory add (

 2  Constraint invent_partno_pk primary key (partno)
 3  Using index invent_part_loc_idx);

Table altered. SQL> SQL> drop table inventory; Table dropped. SQL>


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Create an index reverse

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SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,

 2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
 3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
 4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
 5                    HIREDATE DATE,
 6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
 7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
 8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created. SQL> SQL> create index emp_empno_pk

 2  on emp(empno) reverse;

Index created. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL>


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Created an index based on the uppercase evaluation of the employe"s first name field

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SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(

 2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
 3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 5    Start_Date         DATE,
 6    End_Date           DATE,
 7    Salary             Number(8,2),
 8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10  )
11  /

Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee

 2  /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION


---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Created an index based on the uppercase evaluation of the employe"s first name field. SQL> SQL> CREATE INDEX employee_idx

 2         ON employee (UPPER(first_name));

Index created. SQL> SQL> drop index employee_idx; Index dropped. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee

 2  /

Table dropped. SQL>



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Create index along with the column definition

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SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE emp2

 2  (emp_id        NUMBER PRIMARY KEY
 3                  USING INDEX
 4                  (CREATE INDEX pk_idx ON emp2(emp_id) TABLESPACE users)
 5   ,lastname      VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT lastname_create_nn NOT NULL
 6   ,firstname     VARCHAR2(15) CONSTRAINT firstname_create_nn NOT NULL
 7   ,phone     VARCHAR2(12)
 8   ,company_name  VARCHAR2(50)
 9   ,CONSTRAINT unique_emp_phone UNIQUE (phone)
10    USING INDEX
11   (CREATE INDEX phone_idx ON emp2 (phone) TABLESPACE users)
12   );

Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table emp2; Table dropped.



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Create index for combined columns

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SQL> SQL> create table emp(

 2           emp_id            integer         primary key
 3          ,lastname               varchar2(20)    not null
 4          ,firstname              varchar2(15)    not null
 5          ,midinit                varchar2(1)
 6          ,street                 varchar2(30)
 7          ,city                   varchar2(20)
 8          ,state                  varchar2(2)
 9          ,zip                    varchar2(5)
10          ,shortZipCode           varchar2(4)
11          ,area_code              varchar2(3)
12          ,phone                  varchar2(8)
13          ,company_name           varchar2(50));

Table created. SQL> SQL> create index fullname on emp(lastname, firstname); Index created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>



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Create index for upper case last name

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SQL> SQL> create table emp(

 2           emp_id                integer         primary key
 3          ,lastname               varchar2(20)    not null
 4          ,firstname              varchar2(15)    not null
 5          ,midinit                varchar2(1)
 6          ,street                 varchar2(30)
 7          ,city                   varchar2(20)
 8          ,state                  varchar2(2)
 9          ,zip                    varchar2(5)
10          ,shortZipCode                   varchar2(4)
11          ,area_code              varchar2(3)
12          ,phone                  varchar2(8)
13          ,company_name           varchar2(50));

Table created. SQL> SQL> create index upper_emp_idx on emp upper(lastname); Index created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped.



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Create index on cluster

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SQL> create cluster user_objects_cluster_btree

 2  ( username varchar2(30) )
 3  size 1024
 4  /

Cluster created. SQL> SQL> create index user_objects_idx

 2  on cluster user_objects_cluster_btree
 3  /

Index created. SQL> SQL> drop cluster user_objects_cluster_btree; Cluster dropped. SQL>



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Create index with tablespace

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SQL> create table emp (

 2      EmpNo          NUMBER(10) primary key,
 3      Name           VARCHAR2(40),
 4      DeptNo         NUMBER(2),
 5      Salary         NUMBER(7,2),
 6      Birth_Date     DATE,
 7      Soc_Sec_Num    VARCHAR2(9),
 8      State_Code     CHAR(2)
 9  );

SQL> SQL> create index CITY_ST_ZIP_NDX

 2  on emp(EmpNo, DeptNo, Soc_Sec_Num)
 3  tablespace INDEXES;

SQL> SQL> drop table emp

 2
  
   
   
   
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Create Non-Unique index

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SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (

 2     myTableID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
 3     Name     VARCHAR(50),
 4     PhoneNo  VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone");

Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE INDEX NameIndex ON myTable (Name); Index created.

SQL>



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Create two indexes for one single table

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create table indextest as select * from dba_objects where owner in ("OUTLN","PUBLIC","SCOTT","SYS","SYSTEM"); create index indxtest_objname_idx on indextest (object_name) pctfree 10; create index indxtest_objname_fidx on indextest(upper(object_name)); select object_name,owner from indextest where upper(object_name) ="DBA_INDEXES"; select upper(object_name) from indextest; alter table indextest modify object_name NOT NULL; select upper(object_name) from indextest; drop table indextest;


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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX

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SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (

 2     myTableID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
 3     Name     VARCHAR(50),
 4     PhoneNo  VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone");

Table created. SQL> SQL> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX NameIndex ON myTable (Name); Index created. SQL> SQL> drop table myTable; Table dropped.



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Create unique index and check it in user_ind_columns and user_cons_columns

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SQL> SQL> set echo off SQL> create table emp(

 2           emp_id            integer     primary key
 3          ,lastname               varchar2(20)    constraint lastname_create_nn not null
 4          ,firstname              varchar2(15)    constraint firstname_create_nn not null
 5          ,midinit                varchar2(1)
 6          ,street                 varchar2(30)
 7          ,city                   varchar2(20)
 8          ,state                  varchar2(2)
 9          ,zip                    varchar2(5)
10          ,shortZipCode           varchar2(4)
11          ,area_code              varchar2(3)
12          ,phone                  varchar2(8)
13          ,company_name           varchar2(50));

Table created. SQL> SQL> create unique index pk_idx on emp (emp_id); SQL> SQL> select index_name, table_name, column_name from user_ind_columns where table_name = "EMP";

SQL> SQL> select constraint_name, table_name, column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = "EMP"; SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints; Table dropped. SQL>



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create unique index with case ... when statement

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SQL> create table registrations

 2  ( attendee    NUMBER(4)
 3  , course      VARCHAR2(6)
 4  , begindate   DATE
 5  , evaluation  NUMBER(1)
 6  , constraint  R_PK        primary key(attendee,course,begindate)
 7  ) ;

Table created. SQL> SQL> insert into registrations values (8,"JAV",date "2009-12-13",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (9,"JAV",date "2009-12-13",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (4,"JAV",date "2000-02-01",3 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (8,"JAV",date "2000-02-01",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (6,"JAV",date "2000-02-01",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (12,"XML",date "2000-02-03",4 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (2,"XML",date "2000-02-03",5 ); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (4,"PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (2,"PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> insert into registrations values (11,"PLS",date "2000-09-11",NULL); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> create unique index oau_reg on registrations

 2  ( case course when "OAU" then attendee else null end
 3  , case course when "OAU" then course   else null end );

Index created. SQL> SQL> insert into registrations values (12,"OAU",sysdate,null); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> drop index oau_reg; Index dropped. SQL> drop table registrations; Table dropped.



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Demonstrate a bitmap join index.

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SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(

 2      EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
 3      ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
 4      JOB VARCHAR2(9),
 5      MGR NUMBER(4),
 6      startDate DATE,
 7      SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
 8      COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
 9      DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
10  );

Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902,TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, "E", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT(

 2      DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
 3      DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
 4      LOC VARCHAR2(13)
 5  );

Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK"); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS"); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO"); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON"); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> select count(*) from emp, dept where emp.deptno = dept.deptno and dept.dname = "SALES";

 COUNT(*)

        6

1 row selected.

Execution Plan


Plan hash value: 2157540364


| Id | Operation | Name |


| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | | 2 | MERGE JOIN | | | 3 | SORT JOIN | | |* 4 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT | |* 5 | SORT JOIN | | | 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP |


Predicate Information (identified by operation id):


  4 - filter("DEPT"."DNAME"="SALES")
  5 - access("EMP"."DEPTNO"="DEPT"."DEPTNO")
      filter("EMP"."DEPTNO"="DEPT"."DEPTNO")

Note


  - rule based optimizer used (consider using cbo)

Statistics


         1  recursive calls
         0  db block gets
         6  consistent gets
         0  physical reads
         0  redo size
       411  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
       380  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
         2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
         2  sorts (memory)
         0  sorts (disk)
         1  rows processed

SQL> SQL> set autotrace off; SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL> drop table dept; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>



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Function-based Indexes

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SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,

 2                    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
 3                    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
 4                    MGR NUMBER(4),
 5                    HIREDATE DATE,
 6                    SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
 7                    COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
 8                    DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created. SQL> SQL> create index upper_name_idx on emp(upper(ename)); Index created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop table EMP; Table dropped. SQL> SQL>


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indextype is ctxsys.context

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SQL> SQL> SQL> create table t ( x clob ); Table created. SQL> SQL> set autotrace traceonly explain SQL> select * from t; Execution Plan


Plan hash value: 1601196873


| Id | Operation | Name |


| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T |


Note


  - rule based optimizer used (consider using cbo)

SQL> SQL> create index t_idx on t(x) indextype is ctxsys.context; Index created. SQL> select * from t; Execution Plan


Plan hash value: 1601196873


| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost |


| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 82 | 8200 | 1 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 82 | 8200 | 1 |


Note


  - cpu costing is off (consider enabling it)

SQL> SQL> set autotrace off SQL> SQL> drop table t; Table dropped.



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simple index organized table

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SQL> SQL> create table states (

 2        state_id         varchar2(2),
 3        state_name       varchar2(20),
 4        constraint states_pk
 5          primary key (state_id)
 6  )
 7  organization index
 8  /

Table created. SQL> SQL> drop table states; Table dropped. SQL>


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To create an index on the LastName column of the Employee table

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SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(

 2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
 3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 5    Start_Date         DATE,
 6    End_Date           DATE,
 7    Salary             Number(8,2),
 8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
 9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10  )
11  /

Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

 2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
 3  /

1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee

 2  /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION


---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> --To create an index on the LastName column of the Employee table SQL> SQL> CREATE INDEX LastNameIndex

 2   ON Employee (Last_Name);

Index created. SQL> SQL> SQL> drop index LastNameIndex; Index dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee

 2  /

Table dropped. SQL> SQL> SQL>



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