SQL Server/T-SQL/Trigger/Create Trigger — различия между версиями
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Версия 13:46, 26 мая 2010
Creating and Using Triggers
1> create table employee(
2> ID int,
3> name nvarchar (10),
4> salary int,
5> start_date datetime,
6> city nvarchar (10),
7> region char (1))
8> GO
1>
2> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
3> values (1, "Jason", 40420, "02/01/94", "New York", "W")
4> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (2, "Robert",14420, "01/02/95", "Vancouver","N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (3, "Celia", 24020, "12/03/96", "Toronto", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (4, "Linda", 40620, "11/04/97", "New York", "N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (5, "David", 80026, "10/05/98", "Vancouver","W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (6, "James", 70060, "09/06/99", "Toronto", "N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (7, "Alison",90620, "08/07/00", "New York", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (8, "Chris", 26020, "07/08/01", "Vancouver","N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (9, "Mary", 60020, "06/09/02", "Toronto", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee
3> GO
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> -- Creating and Using Triggers
3>
4>
5> CREATE TRIGGER myTrigger
6> ON employee
7> FOR UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE
8> AS
9> SELECT * FROM inserted
10> SELECT * FROM deleted
11> GO
1>
2>
3> SELECT "Before INSERT"
4> INSERT Employee (ID, Name) VALUES (31, "Rick")
5> GO
-------------
Before INSERT
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
31 Rick NULL NULL NULL NULL
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT "Before UPDATE"
3> UPDATE Employee
4> SET Name = "Rickie"
5> WHERE ID = 3
6> GO
-------------
Before UPDATE
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
3 Rickie 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT "Before DELETE"
3> DELETE FROM Employee WHERE ID = 3
4> GO
-------------
Before DELETE
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
(0 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
3 Rickie 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee
4> GO
1>
Creating a Trigger and raise an error
1> create table employee(
2> ID int,
3> name nvarchar (10),
4> salary int )
5> GO
1>
2> create table job(
3> ID int,
4> title nvarchar (10),
5> averageSalary int)
6> GO
1>
2>
3> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (1, "Jason", 1234)
4> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (2, "Robert", 4321)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (3, "Celia", 5432)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (4, "Linda", 3456)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (5, "David", 7654)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (6, "James", 4567)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (7, "Alison", 8744)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (8, "Chris", 9875)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary) values (9, "Mary", 2345)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> insert into job(ID, title, averageSalary) values(1,"Developer",3000)
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into job(ID, title, averageSalary) values(2,"Tester", 4000)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into job(ID, title, averageSalary) values(3,"Designer", 5000)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into job(ID, title, averageSalary) values(4,"Programmer", 6000)
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> select * from employee;
4> GO
ID name salary
----------- ---------- -----------
1 Jason 1234
2 Robert 4321
3 Celia 5432
4 Linda 3456
5 David 7654
6 James 4567
7 Alison 8744
8 Chris 9875
9 Mary 2345
(9 rows affected)
1> select * from job;
2> GO
ID title averageSalary
----------- ---------- -------------
1 Developer 3000
2 Tester 4000
3 Designer 5000
4 Programmer 6000
(4 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> -- Creating a Trigger
4>
5> CREATE TRIGGER tr_DelData
6> ON Employee
7> FOR DELETE
8> AS
9> IF (SELECT Count(*) FROM job) > 0
10> BEGIN
11> RAISERROR 50009 "Cannot delete an employee"
12> ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
13> RETURN
14> END
15> GO
1>
2> delete employee
3> GO
Msg 50009, Level 16, State 1, Server sqle\SQLEXPRESS, Procedure tr_DelData, Line 11
Cannot delete an employee
Msg 3609, Level 16, State 1, Server sqle\SQLEXPRESS, Line 2
The transaction ended in the trigger. The batch has been aborted.
1>
2> select * from employee
3> GO
ID name salary
----------- ---------- -----------
1 Jason 1234
2 Robert 4321
3 Celia 5432
4 Linda 3456
5 David 7654
6 James 4567
7 Alison 8744
8 Chris 9875
9 Mary 2345
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> drop trigger tr_DelData
3> drop table employee;
4> drop table job;
5> GO
1>
Rolling Back in an AFTER Trigger
1> create table employee(
2> ID int,
3> name nvarchar (10),
4> salary int,
5> start_date datetime,
6> city nvarchar (10),
7> region char (1))
8> GO
1>
2> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
3> values (1, "Jason", 40420, "02/01/94", "New York", "W")
4> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (2, "Robert",14420, "01/02/95", "Vancouver","N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (3, "Celia", 24020, "12/03/96", "Toronto", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (4, "Linda", 40620, "11/04/97", "New York", "N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (5, "David", 80026, "10/05/98", "Vancouver","W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (6, "James", 70060, "09/06/99", "Toronto", "N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (7, "Alison",90620, "08/07/00", "New York", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (8, "Chris", 26020, "07/08/01", "Vancouver","N")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into employee (ID, name, salary, start_date, city, region)
2> values (9, "Mary", 60020, "06/09/02", "Toronto", "W")
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee
3> GO
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> --Rolling Back in an AFTER Trigger
3>
4> CREATE TRIGGER myTriggerRollback
5> ON Employee
6> FOR INSERT
7> AS
8> ROLLBACK TRAN
9> PRINT "INSERT statement rolled back."
10> GO
1>
2> DISABLE TRIGGER myTriggerRollback ON Employee
3>
4> SELECT * FROM Employee
5>
6> INSERT Employee (ID, Name) VALUES (31, "Rick")
7>
8> SELECT * FROM Employee
9>
10> DELETE FROM Employee WHERE ID = 31
11> GO
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(1 rows affected)
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
31 Rick NULL NULL NULL NULL
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> ENABLE TRIGGER myTriggerRollback ON Employee
3>
4> SELECT * FROM Employee
5>
6> INSERT Employee (ID, Name) VALUES (31, "Rick")
7> GO
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
INSERT statement rolled back.
Msg 3609, Level 16, State 1, Server sqle\SQLEXPRESS, Line 6
The transaction ended in the trigger. The batch has been aborted.
(9 rows affected)
1> SELECT * FROM Employee
2> GO
ID name salary start_date city region
----------- ---------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------
1 Jason 40420 1994-02-01 00:00:00.000 New York W
2 Robert 14420 1995-01-02 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
3 Celia 24020 1996-12-03 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
4 Linda 40620 1997-11-04 00:00:00.000 New York N
5 David 80026 1998-10-05 00:00:00.000 Vancouver W
6 James 70060 1999-09-06 00:00:00.000 Toronto N
7 Alison 90620 2000-08-07 00:00:00.000 New York W
8 Chris 26020 2001-07-08 00:00:00.000 Vancouver N
9 Mary 60020 2002-06-09 00:00:00.000 Toronto W
(9 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table employee
3> GO
1>