Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/Cursor Declaration — различия между версиями
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Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
- 1 Cursor for aggregate function
- 2 Cursor for object table
- 3 Cursor rowid
- 4 Cursor with order by
- 5 Declare cursor
- 6 Declaring a Cursor within a Procedure
- 7 Defining a Cursor in an Anonymous PL/SQL Block
- 8 Defining a Record Type for a Cursor by Using %ROWTYPE
- 9 Defining cursors in the package body
- 10 Defining cursors in the package specification
- 11 Returning more than one piece of information: Listing the variables separately
- 12 Select column value into a cursor variable
- 13 Use cursor variables
- 14 Use the cursor subquery
- 15 Using SELECT * in a Cursor
- 16 VARRAY of Cursor
Cursor for aggregate function
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 MGR NUMBER(4),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> begin
2 for x in ( select count(*) cnt from emp )
3 loop
4 dbms_output.put_line( x.cnt );
5 end loop;
6 end;
7 /
14
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
Cursor for object table
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE address AS OBJECT
2 (line1 VARCHAR2(20),
3 line2 VARCHAR2(20),
4 city VARCHAR2(20),
5 state_code VARCHAR2(2),
6 zip VARCHAR2(13),
7 MEMBER FUNCTION get_address RETURN VARCHAR2,
8 MEMBER PROCEDURE set_address
9 (addressLine1 VARCHAR2,
10 addressLine2 VARCHAR2,
11 address_city VARCHAR2,
12 address_state VARCHAR2,
13 address_zip VARCHAR2)
14 );
15 /
Type created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY address AS
2 MEMBER FUNCTION get_address RETURN VARCHAR2
3 IS
4 BEGIN
5 RETURN (SELF.line1||" "||SELF.line2||" "||SELF.city||", "||SELF.state_code||" "||SELF.zip);
6 END get_address;
7 MEMBER PROCEDURE set_address (addressLine1 VARCHAR2,
8 addressLine2 VARCHAR2,
9 address_city VARCHAR2,
10 address_state VARCHAR2,
11 address_zip VARCHAR2)
12 IS
13 BEGIN
14 line1 :=addressLine1;
15 line2 :=addressLine2;
16 city :=address_city;
17 state_code :=address_state;
18 zip :=address_zip;
19 END set_address;
20 END;
21 /
Type body created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE address_master OF address;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO address_master VALUES (address("19 J","R Rd","E","NJ","00000"));
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from address_master;
LINE1 LINE2 CITY ST
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --
ZIP
-------------
19 J R Rd E NJ
00000
1 row selected.
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 cursor myCursor is select * from address_master;
3 v_add address_master%ROWTYPE;
4 begin
5 for i in myCursor loop
6 dbms_output.put_line(i.line1);
7 end loop;
8 end;
9 /
19 J
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table address_master;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Cursor rowid
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7),
3 last_name VARCHAR2(25),
4 first_name VARCHAR2(25),
5 userid VARCHAR2(8),
6 start_date DATE,
7 comments VARCHAR2(255),
8 manager_id NUMBER(7),
9 title VARCHAR2(25),
10 department_id NUMBER(7),
11 salary NUMBER(11, 2),
12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2)
13 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR empCursor IS
3 SELECT employee_id, salary, ROWID
4 FROM employee;
5 lv_new_salary_num NUMBER;
6 BEGIN
7 FOR empCursor_rec IN empCursor LOOP
8 lv_new_salary_num := empCursor_rec.salary;
9 UPDATE employee
10 SET salary = lv_new_salary_num
11 WHERE rowid = empCursor_rec.ROWID;
12 END LOOP;
13 END;
14 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> drop table employee;
Table dropped.
Cursor with order by
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employee
2 (employee_id NUMBER(7),
3 employee_last_name VARCHAR2(25),
4 employee_first_name VARCHAR2(25),
5 userid VARCHAR2(8),
6 start_date DATE,
7 comments VARCHAR2(255),
8 manager_id NUMBER(7),
9 title VARCHAR2(25),
10 department_id NUMBER(7),
11 salary NUMBER(11, 2),
12 commission_pct NUMBER(4, 2)
13 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "V", "Ben", "cv",to_date("03-MAR-90 8:30", "dd-mon-yy hh24:mi"),NULL, NULL, "PRESIDENT", 50, 2500, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "N", "Haidy", "ln", "08-MAR-90", NULL,1, "VP, OPERATIONS", 41, 1450, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "N", "Molly", "mn", "17-JUN-91",NULL, 1, "VP, SALES", 31, 1400, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "S", "Mark", "mq", "07-APR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, FINANCE", 10, 1450, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "R", "AUDRY", "ar", "04-MAR-90",NULL, 1, "VP, ADMINISTRATION", 50, 1550, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "U", "MOLLY", "mu", "18-JAN-91",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1200, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "M", "ROBERTA", "rm", "14-MAY-90",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1250, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "B", "BEN", "ry", "07-APR-90", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1100, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "C", "Jane", "ac", "09-FEB-92",NULL, 2, "WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1300, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (10, "H", "Mart", "mh", "27-FEB-91", NULL, 2,"WAREHOUSE MANAGER", 41, 1307, NULL);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR cur_employee IS
3 SELECT employee_last_name || ", " ||
4 employee_first_name name,
5 DECODE(commission_pct, NULL, "NO",0, "NO", "YES") comm_flag
6 FROM employee
7 ORDER BY DECODE(COMMISSION_PCT, NULL, "NO",0, "NO", "YES") DESC;
8 BEGIN
9 FOR lv_cur_employee_rec IN cur_employee LOOP
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(lv_cur_employee_rec.name || CHR(9) ||
11 "Commission?: " || lv_cur_employee_rec.rum_flag);
12 END LOOP;
13 END;
14 /
V, Ben Commission?: NO
N, Haidy Commission?: NO
N, Molly Commission?: NO
S, Mark Commission?: NO
H, Mart Commission?: NO
U, MOLLY Commission?: NO
M, ROBERTA Commission?: NO
B, BEN Commission?: NO
C, Jane Commission?: NO
R, AUDRY Commission?: NO
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table employee;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Declare cursor
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR all_emps is
3 SELECT id, first_name
4 FROM employee
5 ORDER BY first_name;
6
7 emp all_emps%ROWTYPE;
8 BEGIN
9 OPEN all_emps;
10
11 LOOP
12 EXIT WHEN all_emps%NOTFOUND;
13 FETCH all_emps INTO emp;
14 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp.first_name);
15 END LOOP;
16
17 CLOSE all_emps;
18 END;
19 /
Alison
Celia
David
James
James
Jason
Linda
Robert
Robert
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Declaring a Cursor within a Procedure
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure p_printEmps is
2 cursor c_emp is select * from employee;
3 r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
4 begin
5 open c_emp;
6 loop
7 fetch c_emp into r_emp;
8 exit when c_emp%NOTFOUND;
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(r_emp.first_Name);
10 end loop;
11 close c_emp;
12 end;
13 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> call p_printEmps();
Jason
Alison
James
Celia
Robert
Linda
David
James
Call completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Defining a Cursor in an Anonymous PL/SQL Block
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure p_printEmps is
2 begin -- for main function
3 declare
4 cursor c_emp is
5 select * from employee;
6 r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
7 begin
8 open c_emp;
9 loop
10 fetch c_emp into r_emp;
11 exit when c_emp%NOTFOUND;
12 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(r_emp.first_Name);
13 end loop;
14 close c_emp;
15 end;
16 end;
17 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> call p_printEmps();
Jason
Alison
James
Celia
Robert
Linda
David
James
Call completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Defining a Record Type for a Cursor by Using %ROWTYPE
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 cursor c_countEmps is select count(*) count, sum(salary) sum from employee;
3 r_testRec c_countEmps%ROWTYPE;
4 begin
5 open c_countEmps;
6 fetch c_countEmps into r_testRec;
7 close c_countEmps;
8 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("number of emps is:"||r_testRec.count);
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("sum of emp salaries is:"||r_testRec.sum);
10 end;
11 /
number of emps is:8
sum of emp salaries is:32574.02
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Defining cursors in the package body
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> create or replace package bigUtil is
2 cursor c_emp is select * from employee;
3 r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
4 end;
5 /
Package created.
SQL>
SQL> create or replace package body bigUtil is
2 procedure p_printEmps is
3 r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
4 begin
5 open c_emp;
6 loop
7 fetch c_emp into r_emp;
8 exit when c_emp%NOTFOUND;
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(r_emp.first_Name);
10 end loop;
11 close c_emp;
12 end;
13 end;
14 /
Package body created.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Defining cursors in the package specification
-- create demo table
create table Employee(
ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
Start_Date DATE,
End_Date DATE,
Salary Number(8,2),
City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
)
/
-- prepare data
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
/
insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
/
-- display data in the table
select * from Employee
/
--Here is the package spec where the cursor is declared.
create or replace package pkg_Util is
cursor c_emp is select * from employee;
r_emp c_emp%ROWTYPE;
end;
/
ge created.
--Here is a different package that references the cursor
create or replace package body pkg_aDifferentUtil is
procedure p_printEmps is
begin
open pkg_Util.c_emp;
loop
fetch pkg_Util.c_emp into pkg_Util.r_emp;
exit when pkg_Util.c_emp%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(pkg_Util.r_emp.first_Name);
end loop;
close pkg_Util.c_emp;
end;
end;
/
-- clean the table
drop table Employee
/SQL>
Returning more than one piece of information: Listing the variables separately
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 cursor c_countemps is select count(*), sum(salary) from employee;
3 v_count NUMBER;
4 v_sum NUMBER;
5 begin
6 open c_countEmps;
7 fetch c_countEmps into v_count, v_sum;
8 close c_countEmps;
9
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("number of emps is:"||v_count);
11 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("sum of emp salaries is:"||v_sum);
12 end;
13 /
number of emps is:8
sum of emp salaries is:32574.02
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
Select column value into a cursor variable
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_count
2 AS
3 v_first_name employee.first_name%TYPE;
4 v_last_name employee.last_name%TYPE;
5 v_row_count PLS_INTEGER := 0;
6
7 CURSOR emp_cur IS
8 SELECT first_name, last_name
9 FROM employee;
10
11 BEGIN
12
13 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000);
14
15 OPEN emp_cur;
16 LOOP
17 FETCH emp_cur INTO v_first_name, v_last_name;
18 EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
19
20 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_last_name ||", " ||v_first_name);
21 END LOOP;
22
23 CLOSE emp_cur;
24
25 EXCEPTION
26 WHEN OTHERS
27 THEN
28 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
29 END;
30 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> call employee_count();
Martin, Jason
Mathews, Alison
Smith, James
Rice, Celia
Black, Robert
Green, Linda
Larry, David
Cat, James
Call completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
Use cursor variables
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE books (
2 isbn CHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
3 category VARCHAR2(20),
4 title VARCHAR2(100),
5 num_pages NUMBER,
6 price NUMBER,
7 copyright NUMBER(4)
8 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright)
2 VALUES ("72121203", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle DBA 101", 563, 39.99, 1999);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright)
2 VALUES ("72122048", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle8i: A Beginner""s Guide", 765, 44.99, 1999);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ESCAPE OFF
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2
3 TYPE book_typ IS REF CURSOR RETURN BOOKS%ROWTYPE;
4 cv_books book_typ;
5 v_books BOOKS%ROWTYPE;
6
7 BEGIN
8
9 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000);
10
11 OPEN cv_books FOR
12 SELECT *
13 FROM books
14 WHERE isbn = "72121203";
15
16 FETCH cv_books INTO v_books;
17
18 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_books.title||" is "||v_books.price);
19
20 CLOSE cv_books;
21 END;
22 /
Oracle DBA 101 is 39.99
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table books;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Use the cursor subquery
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE authors (
2 id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
3 first_name VARCHAR2(50),
4 last_name VARCHAR2(50)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE books (
2 isbn CHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
3 category VARCHAR2(20),
4 title VARCHAR2(100),
5 num_pages NUMBER,
6 price NUMBER,
7 copyright NUMBER(4),
8 author1 NUMBER CONSTRAINT books_author1
9 REFERENCES authors(id),
10 author2 NUMBER CONSTRAINT books_author2
11 REFERENCES authors(id),
12 author3 NUMBER CONSTRAINT books_author3
13 REFERENCES authors(id)
14 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO authors (id, first_name, last_name)
2 VALUES (1, "Marlene", "Theriault");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO authors (id, first_name, last_name)
2 VALUES (2, "Rachel", "Carmichael");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO authors (id, first_name, last_name)
2 VALUES (3, "James", "Viscusi");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, author1, author2, author3)
2 VALUES ("72121203", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle DBA 101", 563, 39.99, 1999, 1, 2, 3);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ESCAPE OFF
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2
3 cv_author SYS_REFCURSOR;
4 v_title BOOKS.TITLE%TYPE;
5 v_author AUTHORS%ROWTYPE;
6 v_counter PLS_INTEGER := 0;
7
8 CURSOR book_cur
9 IS
10 SELECT b.title,
11 CURSOR (SELECT *
12 FROM authors a
13 WHERE a.id = b.author1
14 OR a.id = b.author2
15 OR a.id = b.author3)
16 FROM books b
17 WHERE isbn = "78824389";
18
19 BEGIN
20
21 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000);
22
23 OPEN book_cur;
24
25 LOOP
26 FETCH book_cur INTO v_title, cv_author;
27 EXIT WHEN book_cur%NOTFOUND;
28
29 v_counter := 0;
30
31 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Title from the main cursor: "||v_title);
32
33 LOOP
34 FETCH cv_author INTO v_author;
35 EXIT WHEN cv_author%NOTFOUND;
36
37 v_counter := v_counter + 1;
38
39 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Author"||v_counter||": "
40 ||v_author.first_name||" "
41 ||v_author.last_name);
42 END LOOP;
43 END LOOP;
44
45 CLOSE book_cur;
46
47 END;
48 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> drop table books;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table authors;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Using SELECT * in a Cursor
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 cursor c_emp is select * from employee;
3
4 v_empName_tx employee.first_Name%TYPE;
5 v_empSal_nr employee.Salary%TYPE;
6 v_empDept_nr employee.id%TYPE;
7 begin
8 for r_emp in c_emp loop
9 v_empName_tx := r_emp.first_Name;
10 v_empSal_nr := r_emp.Salary;
11 v_empDept_nr := r_emp.id;
12 end loop;
13 end;
14 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
VARRAY of Cursor
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR all_emps IS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM employee
5 ORDER BY first_name;
6
7 TYPE emp_array IS VARRAY(100) OF employee%ROWTYPE;
8
9 emps emp_array;
10 inx1 PLS_INTEGER;
11 inx2 PLS_INTEGER;
12 BEGIN
13 inx1 := 0;
14
15 emps := emp_array ();
16
17 FOR emp IN all_emps LOOP
18 inx1 := inx1 + 1;
19 emps.extend();
20 emps(inx1).id := emp.id;
21 emps(inx1).first_name := emp.first_name;
22 emps(inx1).salary := emp.salary;
23 END LOOP;
24
25 FOR inx2 IN 1..emps.count LOOP
26 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (emps(inx2).id ||" " || emps(inx2).first_name);
27 END LOOP;
28 END;
29 /
02 Alison
04 Celia
07 David
03 James
08 James
01 Jason
06 Linda
05 Robert
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>