Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Set/MINUS

Minus between two different tables

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table course_schedule
  2  ( course     VARCHAR2(6)
  3  , begindate  DATE
  4  , trainer    NUMBER(4)
  5  , location   VARCHAR2(20)) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-04-12",1,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("OAU",date "1999-08-10",2,"CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-10-04",3,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-12-13",4,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("JAV",date "1999-12-13",5,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("XML",date "2000-02-03",6,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("JAV",date "2000-02-01",7,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("PLS",date "2000-09-11",8,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("XML",date "2000-09-18",NULL,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("OAU",date "2000-09-27",9,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("ERM",date "2001-01-15",10, NULL    );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("PRO",date "2001-02-19",NULL,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("RSD",date "2001-02-24",8,"CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table departments
  2  ( deptno NUMBER(2)
  3  , dname  VARCHAR2(10)
  4  , location VARCHAR2(20)
  5  , mgr    NUMBER(4)
  6  ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments values (10,"ACCOUNTING","NEW YORK" ,  2);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (20,"TRAINING",  "VANCOUVER",  3);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (30,"SALES",     "CHICAGO",    4);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (40,"HR",        "BOSTON",     5);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select o.location from course_schedule o
  2  minus
  3  select d.location from departments d;
LOCATION
--------------------
DALLAS
SEATTLE

SQL>
SQL> drop table departments;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table course_schedule;
Table dropped.
SQL>

Minus id column

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp (
  2    emp_id               NUMBER,
  3    ename             VARCHAR2(40),
  4    hire_date        DATE DEFAULT sysdate,
  5    end_date DATE,
  6    rate     NUMBER(5,2),
  7    CONSTRAINT emp_pk    PRIMARY KEY (emp_id)
  8  );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (101, "Mary", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,169);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (102, "Tom", to_date("16-Sep-1964","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("5-May-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),135);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (104, "Peter", to_date("29-Dec-1987","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("1-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),99);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (105, "Mike", to_date("15-Jun-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,121);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (107, "Less", to_date("2-Jan-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,45);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (108, "Park", to_date("1-Mar-1994","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("15-Nov-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),220);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (110, "Ink", to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("30-Sep-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),84);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (111, "Tike", to_date("23-Aug-1976","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (112, "Inn", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),70);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (113, "Kate", to_date("3-Mar-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("31-Oct-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),300);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE server_usage (
  2    pro_id                   NUMBER(4),
  3    emp_id                  NUMBER,
  4    time_log_date                DATE,
  5    hours_logged                 NUMBER(8,2),
  6    dollars_charged              NUMBER(8,2),
  7    CONSTRAINT server_usage_pk  PRIMARY KEY (pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date)
  8  );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1001,101,to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),1123,222);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1002,102,to_date("4-Apr-2005","dd-mon-yyyy"),1124,223);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1003,103,to_date("4-Apr-2006","dd-mon-yyyy"),1125,224);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1004,104,to_date("4-Apr-2007","dd-mon-yyyy"),1126,225);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1005,105,to_date("4-Apr-2008","dd-mon-yyyy"),1127,226);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1001,106,to_date("4-Apr-2009","dd-mon-yyyy"),1128,227);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
  2                    VALUES (1002,107,to_date("4-Apr-2010","dd-mon-yyyy"),1129,228);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SELECT emp_id
  2  FROM emp
  3  MINUS
  4  SELECT emp_id
  5  FROM server_usage;
       108
       110
       111
       112
       113
5 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table server_usage;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL>

Using the MINUS Operator

The MINUS operator returns the remaining rows when the rows retrieved by the second query are subtracted from the rows retrieved by the first query.

SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ("01","Jason",    "Martin",  to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto",  "Programmer")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("02","Alison",   "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("03","James",    "Smith",   to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("04","Celia",    "Rice",    to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values("05","Robert",   "Black",   to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("06","Linda",    "Green",   to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York",  "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("07","David",    "Larry",   to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York",  "Manager")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values("08","James",    "Cat",     to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
  3  /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
  2  /
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT id, first_name
  2  FROM employee
  3  MINUS
  4  SELECT id, first_name
  5  FROM employee where id <3;
ID   FIRST_NAME
---- ----------
03   James
04   Celia
05   Robert
06   Linda
07   David
08   James
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>