SQL Server/T-SQL Tutorial/Query/GROUP BY — различия между версиями

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м (1 версия)
 
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Текущая версия на 10:23, 26 мая 2010

A count for each grouping rather than the full table

6> CREATE TABLE Employees (
7>      EmployeeID int NOT NULL ,
8>      LastName nvarchar (20) NOT NULL ,
9>      FirstName nvarchar (10) NOT NULL ,
10>     Title nvarchar (30) NULL ,
11>     TitleOfCourtesy nvarchar (25) NULL ,
12>     BirthDate datetime NULL ,
13>     HireDate datetime NULL ,
14>     Address nvarchar (60) NULL ,
15>     City nvarchar (15) NULL ,
16>     Region nvarchar (15) NULL ,
17>     PostalCode nvarchar (10) NULL ,
18>     Country nvarchar (15) NULL ,
19>     HomePhone nvarchar (24) NULL ,
20>     Extension nvarchar (4) NULL ,
21>     Photo image NULL ,
22>     Notes ntext NULL ,
23>     ReportsTo int NULL ,
24>     PhotoPath nvarchar (255) NULL
25>
26> )
27> GO
1>
2>    SELECT ReportsTo, COUNT(*)
3>    FROM Employees
4>    GROUP BY ReportsTo
5> GO
ReportsTo
----------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Employees;
3> GO


A summary query that counts the number of Billings by Banker

4>
5>
6> create table Billings (
7>     BankerID           INTEGER,
8>     BillingNumber      INTEGER,
9>     BillingDate        datetime,
10>     BillingTotal       INTEGER,
11>     TermsID            INTEGER,
12>     BillingDueDate     datetime ,
13>     PaymentTotal       INTEGER,
14>     CreditTotal        INTEGER
15>
16> );
17> GO
1>
2> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (1, 1, "2005-01-22", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (2, 2, "2001-02-21", 165, 1,"2002-02-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (3, 3, "2003-05-02", 165, 1,"2005-04-12",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (4, 4, "1999-03-12", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (5, 5, "2000-04-23", 165, 1,"2005-04-17",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (6, 6, "2001-06-14", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (7, 7, "2002-07-15", 165, 1,"2005-04-19",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (8, 8, "2003-08-16", 165, 1,"2005-04-20",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (9, 9, "2004-09-17", 165, 1,"2005-04-21",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (0, 0, "2005-10-18", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT BankerID, COUNT(*) AS BillingQty
5> FROM Billings
6> GROUP BY BankerID
7> GO
BankerID    BillingQty
----------- -----------
          0           1
          1           1
          2           1
          3           1
          4           1
          5           1
          6           1
          7           1
          8           1
          9           1
(10 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Billings;
3> GO


A summary query with a search condition in the WHERE clause

4>
5>
6>
7> create table Billings (
8>     BankerID           INTEGER,
9>     BillingNumber      INTEGER,
10>     BillingDate        datetime,
11>     BillingTotal       INTEGER,
12>     TermsID            INTEGER,
13>     BillingDueDate     datetime ,
14>     PaymentTotal       INTEGER,
15>     CreditTotal        INTEGER
16>
17> );
18> GO
1>
2> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (1, 1, "2005-01-22", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (2, 2, "2001-02-21", 165, 1,"2002-02-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (3, 3, "2003-05-02", 165, 1,"2005-04-12",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (4, 4, "1999-03-12", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (5, 5, "2000-04-23", 165, 1,"2005-04-17",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (6, 6, "2001-06-14", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (7, 7, "2002-07-15", 165, 1,"2005-04-19",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (8, 8, "2003-08-16", 165, 1,"2005-04-20",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (9, 9, "2004-09-17", 165, 1,"2005-04-21",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (0, 0, "2005-10-18", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> create table Bankers(
5>    BankerID             Integer,
6>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
7>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
12>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
13> )
14> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT BankerName, COUNT(*) AS BillingQty,
3>     AVG(BillingTotal) AS BillingAvg
4> FROM Bankers JOIN Billings
5>     ON Bankers.BankerID = Billings.BankerID
6> WHERE BillingTotal > 500
7> GROUP BY BankerName
8> ORDER BY BillingQty DESC
9> GO
BankerName           BillingQty  BillingAvg
-------------------- ----------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Billings;
3> drop table Bankers;
4> GO


both the EmployeeID and CustomerID columns in our GROUP BY

8> CREATE TABLE Orders (
9>      OrderID int NOT NULL ,
10>     CustomerID nchar (5) NULL ,
11>     EmployeeID int NULL ,
12>     OrderDate datetime NULL ,
13>     RequiredDate datetime NULL ,
14>     ShippedDate datetime NULL ,
15>     ShipVia int NULL ,
16>     Freight money NULL DEFAULT (0),
17>     ShipName nvarchar (40) NULL ,
18>     ShipAddress nvarchar (60) NULL ,
19>     ShipCity nvarchar (15) NULL ,
20>     ShipRegion nvarchar (15) NULL ,
21>     ShipPostalCode nvarchar (10) NULL ,
22>     ShipCountry nvarchar (15) NULL
23> )
24> GO
1>
2>    SELECT CustomerID, EmployeeID, COUNT(*)
3>    FROM Orders
4>    WHERE CustomerID BETWEEN "A" AND "AO"
5>    GROUP BY CustomerID, EmployeeID
6> GO
CustomerID EmployeeID
---------- ----------- -----------
(0 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table orders;
3> GO
1>


Extracting partial records using GROUP BY.

4>
5>
6> CREATE TABLE Classification (
7>      Classif_ID         integer  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
8>      Classification    varchar(25))
9> GO
1>
2> INSERT into Classification VALUES( 1,"Pop")
3> INSERT into Classification VALUES( 2,"Country")
4> INSERT into Classification VALUES( 3,"Alternative")
5> INSERT into Classification VALUES( 4,"Metal")
6> GO
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> CREATE TABLE CD (
4>      CD_ID              integer  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
5>      CD_Title           varchar(40),
6>      Composer_ID        integer  NOT NULL,
7>      Classif_ID         integer  NOT NULL,
8>      SalesPrice        money,
9>      AverageCost       money)
10> GO
1> INSERT into CD VALUES(2000,"John",100,1,16.99,6.99)
2> INSERT into CD VALUES(2001,"Chicago 16",107,1,14.99,5.99)
3> INSERT into CD VALUES(2002,"Chicago 17",107,1,14.99,5.99)
4> INSERT into CD VALUES(2003,"Chicago 18",107,1,14.99,5.99)
5> INSERT into CD VALUES(2004,"Greatest Hits",107,1,16.99,7.99)
6> INSERT into CD VALUES(2005,"Midnight",101,3,14.99,5.99)
7> INSERT into CD VALUES(2006,"Mode",115,3,14.99,5.99)
8> INSERT into CD VALUES(2007,"Ultra",115,3,15.99,5.99)
9> INSERT into CD VALUES(2008,"Mindcrime",102,4,14.99,5.99)
10> INSERT into CD VALUES(2009,"Empire",102,4,14.99,5.99)
11> INSERT into CD VALUES(2010,"Land",102,4,12.99,4.99)
12> INSERT into CD VALUES(2011,"Night",103,4,11.99,3.99)
13> INSERT into CD VALUES(2012,"Pyromania",103,4,14.99,5.99)
14> INSERT into CD VALUES(2013,"Hysteria",103,4,14.99,5.99)
15> INSERT into CD VALUES(2014,"Hits",103,4,13.99,4.99)
16> INSERT into CD VALUES(2015,"Hits 2",104,2,15.99,6.99)
17> INSERT into CD VALUES(2016,"Greatest",105,2,14.99,5.99)
18> INSERT into CD VALUES(2017,"Hits 3",106,1,13.99,5.99)
19> INSERT into CD VALUES(2018,"Deep",108,1,12.99,2.99)
20> INSERT into CD VALUES(2019,"Turning",109,1,14.99,5.99)
21> INSERT into CD VALUES(2020,"TheHits",109,1,16.99,7.99)
22> INSERT into CD VALUES(2021,"Cars",110,1,9.99,3.99)
23> INSERT into CD VALUES(2022,"Anthology",110,1,25.99,11.99)
24> INSERT into CD VALUES(2023,"City",110,1,14.99,5.99)
25> INSERT into CD VALUES(2024,"Rick",111,1,11.99,2.99)
26> INSERT into CD VALUES(2025,"Live",112,1,19.99,8.99)
27> INSERT into CD VALUES(2026,"Pat",113,1,16.99,6.99)
28> INSERT into CD VALUES(2027,"Big",114,1,14.99,5.99)
29> INSERT into CD VALUES(2028,"Hurting",114,1,11.99,3.99)
30> INSERT into CD VALUES(2029,"Vol 1",116,1,9.99,2.99)
31> INSERT into CD VALUES(2030,"Vol 2",116,1,9.99,2.99)
32> GO
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> SELECT CD.Classif_ID,Classification.Classification,
4>          Count(CD.CD_ID) "Total Offerings"
5> FROM CD,Classification
6> WHERE CD.Classif_ID = Classification.Classif_ID and CD.SalesPrice >= 12.00
7> GROUP BY CD.Classif_ID,Classification.Classification
8> GO
Classif_ID   Classification            Total Offerings
----------- ------------------------- ---------------
          1 Pop                                    14
          2 Country                                 2
          3 Alternative                             3
          4 Metal                                   6
(4 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Classification;
3> drop table CD;
4> GO


Group by and table join

4>
5>
6> create table Billings (
7>     BankerID           INTEGER,
8>     BillingNumber      INTEGER,
9>     BillingDate        datetime,
10>     BillingTotal       INTEGER,
11>     TermsID            INTEGER,
12>     BillingDueDate     datetime ,
13>     PaymentTotal       INTEGER,
14>     CreditTotal        INTEGER
15>
16> );
17> GO
1>
2> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (1, 1, "2005-01-22", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (2, 2, "2001-02-21", 165, 1,"2002-02-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (3, 3, "2003-05-02", 165, 1,"2005-04-12",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (4, 4, "1999-03-12", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (5, 5, "2000-04-23", 165, 1,"2005-04-17",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (6, 6, "2001-06-14", 165, 1,"2005-04-18",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (7, 7, "2002-07-15", 165, 1,"2005-04-19",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (8, 8, "2003-08-16", 165, 1,"2005-04-20",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (9, 9, "2004-09-17", 165, 1,"2005-04-21",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO Billings VALUES (0, 0, "2005-10-18", 165, 1,"2005-04-22",123,321);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> create table Bankers(
5>    BankerID             Integer,
6>    BankerName           VARCHAR(20),
7>    BankerContactLName   VARCHAR(20),
8>    BankerContactFName   VARCHAR(20),
9>    BankerCity           VARCHAR(20),
10>    BankerState          VARCHAR(20),
11>    BankerZipCode        VARCHAR(20),
12>    BankerPhone          VARCHAR(20)
13> )
14> GO
1>
2> insert into Bankers values (1, "ABC Inc.","Joe","Smith","Vancouver","BC","11111","111-111-1111");
3> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (2, "DEF Inc.","Red","Rice", "New York", "DE","22222","222-222-2222");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (3, "HJI Inc.","Kit","Cat",  "Paris",    "CA","33333","333-333-3333");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (4, "QWE Inc.","Git","Black","Regina",   "ER","44444","444-444-4444");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (5, "RTY Inc.","Wil","Lee",  "Toronto",  "YU","55555","555-555-5555");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (6, "YUI Inc.","Ted","Larry","Calgary",  "TY","66666","666-666-6666");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (7, "OIP Inc.","Yam","Act",  "San Franc","FG","77777","777-777-7777");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (8, "SAD Inc.","Hit","Eat",  "Orland",   "PO","88888","888-888-8888");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (9, "DFG Inc.","Sad","Lee",  "Wisler",   "PL","99999","999-999-9999");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> insert into Bankers values (0, "GHJ Inc.","Bit","Lee",  "Ticker",   "MN","00000","000-000-0000");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> SELECT BankerState, BankerCity, COUNT(*) AS BillingQty,
3>     AVG(BillingTotal) AS BillingAvg
4> FROM Billings JOIN Bankers
5>     ON Billings.BankerID = Bankers.BankerID
6> GROUP BY BankerState, BankerCity
7> ORDER BY BankerState, BankerCity
8> GO
BankerState          BankerCity           BillingQty  BillingAvg
-------------------- -------------------- ----------- -----------
BC                   Vancouver                      1         165
CA                   Paris                          1         165
DE                   New York                       1         165
ER                   Regina                         1         165
FG                   San Franc                      1         165
MN                   Ticker                         1         165
PL                   Wisler                         1         165
PO                   Orland                         1         165
TY                   Calgary                        1         165
YU                   Toronto                        1         165
(10 rows affected)
1>
2> drop table Billings;
3> drop table Bankers;
4> GO
1>


GROUP BY with SUM()

7> CREATE TABLE employee(
8>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
9>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
10>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
11>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
12>    start_Date  DATETIME,
13>    region      VARCHAR(10),
14>    city        VARCHAR(20),
15>    managerid   INTEGER
16> );
17> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver",3);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown",4);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris",5);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London",6);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton",7);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary",8);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina",9);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan"  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto",10);
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city                 managerid
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- -------------------- -----------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver                      3
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown                          4
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris                          5
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London                         6
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton                         7
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary                        8
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York                       9
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina                         9
          9 Joan       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto                       10
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> SELECT city, SUM(Salary) FROM Employee
4> GROUP BY city
5> GO
city
-------------------- ----------------------------------------
Calgary                                               6456.00
London                                                5567.00
New York                                              5345.00
Newton                                                4467.00
Paris                                                 6678.00
Regina                                                4234.00
Toronto                                               6123.00
Utown                                                 4789.00
Vancouver                                             5890.00
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3> drop table employee;
4> GO
1>
2>


Using GROUP BY ALL

ALL keyword after GROUP BY uses all row values in the grouping, even if they were not qualified to appear via the WHERE clause.
Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.
7>
8> CREATE TABLE employee(
9>    id          INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
10>    first_name  VARCHAR(10),
11>    last_name   VARCHAR(10),
12>    salary      DECIMAL(10,2),
13>    start_Date  DATETIME,
14>    region      VARCHAR(10),
15>    city        VARCHAR(20)
16> );
17> GO
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, "Jason" ,  "Martin", 5890,"2005-03-22","North","Vancouver");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2, "Alison",  "Mathews",4789,"2003-07-21","South","Utown");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3, "James" ,  "Smith",  6678,"2001-12-01","North","Paris");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4, "Celia" ,  "Rice",   5567,"2006-03-03","South","London");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5, "Robert",  "Black",  4467,"2004-07-02","East","Newton");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6, "Linda" ,  "Green" , 6456,"2002-05-19","East","Calgary");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7, "David" ,  "Larry",  5345,"2008-03-18","West","New York");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8, "James" ,  "Cat",    4234,"2007-07-17","West","Regina");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1> INSERT INTO employee VALUES (9, "Joan"  ,  "Act",    6123,"2001-04-16","North","Toronto");
2> GO
(1 rows affected)
1>
2> select * from employee;
3> GO
id          first_name last_name  salary       start_Date              region     city
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ---------- --------------------
          1 Jason      Martin          5890.00 2005-03-22 00:00:00.000 North      Vancouver
          2 Alison     Mathews         4789.00 2003-07-21 00:00:00.000 South      Utown
          3 James      Smith           6678.00 2001-12-01 00:00:00.000 North      Paris
          4 Celia      Rice            5567.00 2006-03-03 00:00:00.000 South      London
          5 Robert     Black           4467.00 2004-07-02 00:00:00.000 East       Newton
          6 Linda      Green           6456.00 2002-05-19 00:00:00.000 East       Calgary
          7 David      Larry           5345.00 2008-03-18 00:00:00.000 West       New York
          8 James      Cat             4234.00 2007-07-17 00:00:00.000 West       Regina
          9 Joan       Act             6123.00 2001-04-16 00:00:00.000 North      Toronto
(9 rows affected)
1>
2>
3>
4> SELECT start_Date,
5> SUM(salary) Total
6> FROM employee
7> WHERE start_Date BETWEEN "7/1/2001" AND "7/31/2005"
8> GROUP BY ALL Region;
9> GO
Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Server BCE67B1242DE45A\SQLEXPRESS, Line 4
Column "employee.start_Date" is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in either an aggregate function o
r the GROUP BY clause.
1>
2>
3>
4> drop table employee;
5> GO
1>