Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Cursor/LOOP — различия между версиями
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Текущая версия на 10:05, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
- 1 A loop is required is to read each row in cursor returned
- 2 Cursor FOR Loop
- 3 Exit a LOOP when cursor%NOTFOUND
- 4 for data in ( select * from tableName )
- 5 LOOP..END LOOP Cursor Loop
- 6 Loop till exit when cursorName%notfound
- 7 Placing cursors in nested loops
- 8 Use For loop to output data in a PL/SQL table of cursor
- 9 while cursorName%found, loop
- 10 WHILE..LOOP Cursor Loop
A loop is required is to read each row in cursor returned
You can combine the power of a FOR loop to access the rows in a cursor.
When you use a FOR loop, you don"t have to explicitly open and close the cursor-the FOR loop does this automatically for you.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR cv_employee_cursor IS
3 SELECT id, first_name, salary
4 FROM employee
5 ORDER BY id;
6 BEGIN
7 FOR v_employee IN cv_employee_cursor LOOP
8 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
9 "id = " || v_employee.id ||
10 ", name = " || v_employee.first_name ||
11 ", salary = " || v_employee.salary
12 );
13 END LOOP;
14 END;
15 /
id = 01, name = Jason, salary = 1234.56
id = 02, name = Alison, salary = 6661.78
id = 03, name = James, salary = 6544.78
id = 04, name = Celia, salary = 2344.78
id = 05, name = Robert, salary = 2334.78
id = 06, name = Linda, salary = 4322.78
id = 07, name = David, salary = 7897.78
id = 08, name = James, salary = 1232.78
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Cursor FOR Loop
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR c_employee IS
3 SELECT id, first_name, last_name
4 FROM employee
5 WHERE id = "01";
6 BEGIN
7 -- Begin the loop. An implicit OPEN of c_employee
8 -- is done here.
9 FOR v_employeeData IN c_employee LOOP
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_employeeData.ID);
11
12 END LOOP;
13 -- Commit our work.
14 COMMIT;
15 END;
16 /
01
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Exit a LOOP when cursor%NOTFOUND
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 v_FirstName VARCHAR2(20);
3 v_LastName VARCHAR2(20);
4
5 CURSOR c_Students IS
6 SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employee;
7 BEGIN
8 -- Begin cursor processing.
9 OPEN c_Students;
10 LOOP
11 -- Retreive one row.
12 FETCH c_Students INTO v_FirstName, v_LastName;
13 EXIT WHEN c_Students%NOTFOUND;
14 END LOOP;
15 CLOSE c_Students;
16 END;
17 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
for data in ( select * from tableName )
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT(
2 DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
3 DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
4 LOC VARCHAR2(13)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure implicit
2 as
3 begin
4 for x in ( select * from dept )
5 loop
6 null;
7 end loop;
8 end;
9 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
LOOP..END LOOP Cursor Loop
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 v_employeeID employee.id%TYPE;
3 v_FirstName employee.first_name%TYPE;
4 v_LastName employee.last_name%TYPE;
5
6 CURSOR c_employee IS
7 SELECT id, first_name, last_name
8 FROM employee
9 WHERE id = "01";
10 BEGIN
11 OPEN c_employee;
12 LOOP
13 -- Retrieve information for the next employee
14 FETCH c_employee INTO v_employeeID, v_FirstName, v_LastName;
15 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_employeeID);
16 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_FirstName);
17 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_LastName);
18 -- Exit loop when there are no more rows to fetch
19 EXIT WHEN c_employee%NOTFOUND;
20
21 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line("out of fetch");
22 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_employeeID);
23 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_FirstName);
24 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_LastName);
25
26 END LOOP;
27
28 -- Free resources used by the cursor
29 CLOSE c_employee;
30
31 COMMIT;
32 END;
33 /
01
Jason
Martin
out of fetch
01
Jason
Martin
01
Jason
Martin
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
Loop till exit when cursorName%notfound
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp (
2 id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
3 fname VARCHAR2(50),
4 lname VARCHAR2(50)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO emp (id, fname, lname)VALUES (1, "A", "B");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp (id, fname, lname)VALUES (2, "C", "D");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp (id, fname, lname)VALUES (3, "E", "F");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp (id, fname, lname)VALUES (4, "G", "H");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp (id, fname, lname)VALUES (5, "G", "Z");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE books (
2 isbn CHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
3 category VARCHAR2(20),
4 title VARCHAR2(100),
5 num_pages NUMBER,
6 price NUMBER,
7 copyright NUMBER(4),
8 emp1 NUMBER,
9 emp2 NUMBER,
10 emp3 NUMBER
11 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2, emp3)
2 VALUES ("72121203", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle DBA 101", 563, 39.99, 2009, 1, 2, 3);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2)
2 VALUES ("72122048", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle8i: A Beginner""s Guide", 765, 44.99, 2009, 4, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO books (isbn, category, title, num_pages, price, copyright, emp1, emp2, emp3)
2 VALUES ("72131454", "Oracle Basics", "Oracle Performance Tuning 101", 404, 39.99, 2001, 6, 7, 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ESCAPE OFF
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2
3 cv_emp SYS_REFCURSOR;
4 v_title BOOKS.TITLE%TYPE;
5 v_emp emp%ROWTYPE;
6 v_counter PLS_INTEGER := 0;
7
8 CURSOR book_cur
9 IS
10 SELECT b.title, CURSOR (SELECT * FROM emp a WHERE a.id = b.emp1 OR a.id = b.emp2 OR a.id = b.emp3)
11 FROM books b;
12
13 BEGIN
14
15 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000);
16
17 OPEN book_cur;
18
19 LOOP
20 FETCH book_cur INTO v_title, cv_emp;
21 EXIT WHEN book_cur%NOTFOUND;
22
23 v_counter := 0;
24
25 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Title from the main cursor: "||v_title);
26
27 LOOP
28 FETCH cv_emp INTO v_emp;
29 EXIT WHEN cv_emp%NOTFOUND;
30
31 v_counter := v_counter + 1;
32
33 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("emp"||v_counter||": "||v_emp.fname||" "||v_emp.lname);
34 END LOOP;
35 END LOOP;
36
37 CLOSE book_cur;
38
39 END;
40 /
Title from the main cursor: Oracle DBA 101
emp1: E F
emp2: C D
emp3: A B
Title from the main cursor: Oracle8i: A Beginner"s Guide
emp1: G Z
emp2: G H
Title from the main cursor: Oracle Performance Tuning 101
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> drop table books;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
Placing cursors in nested loops
SQL> --Cursors in Nested Loops
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 EMPNO NUMBER(3),
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(15 BYTE),
4 HIREDATE DATE,
5 ORIG_SALARY NUMBER(6),
6 CURR_SALARY NUMBER(6),
7 REGION VARCHAR2(1 BYTE),
8 MANAGER_ID NUMBER(3)
9 )
10 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job (
2 EMPNO NUMBER(3),
3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
4 )
5 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (1,"Tester");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (2,"Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (3,"Developer");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (4,"COder");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (5,"Director");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (6,"Mediator");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (7,"Proffessor");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (8,"Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitle) values (9,"Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (1, "Jason", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234, 8767, "E", 2)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (2, "John", to_date("19970715","YYYYMMDD"), 2341, 3456, "W", 3)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (3, "Joe", to_date("19860125","YYYYMMDD"), 4321, 5654, "E", 3)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (4, "Tom", to_date("20060913","YYYYMMDD"), 2413, 6787, "W", 4)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (5, "Jane", to_date("20050417","YYYYMMDD"), 7654, 4345, "E", 4)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (6, "James", to_date("20040718","YYYYMMDD"), 5679, 6546, "W", 5)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION, MANAGER_ID)
2 values (7, "Jodd", to_date("20030720","YYYYMMDD"), 5438, 7658, "E", 6)
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION)
2 values (8, "Joke", to_date("20020101","YYYYMMDD"), 8765, 4543, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO, EName, HIREDATE, ORIG_SALARY, CURR_SALARY, REGION)
2 values (9, "Jack", to_date("20010829","YYYYMMDD"), 7896, 1232, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R MANAGER_ID
---------- --------------- --------- ----------- ----------- - ----------
1 Jason 25-JUL-96 1234 8767 E 2
2 John 15-JUL-97 2341 3456 W 3
3 Joe 25-JAN-86 4321 5654 E 3
4 Tom 13-SEP-06 2413 6787 W 4
5 Jane 17-APR-05 7654 4345 E 4
6 James 18-JUL-04 5679 6546 W 5
7 Jodd 20-JUL-03 5438 7658 E 6
8 Joke 01-JAN-02 8765 4543 W
9 Jack 29-AUG-01 7896 1232 E
9 rows selected.
SQL> select * from job
2 /
EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- --------------------
1 Tester
2 Accountant
3 Developer
4 COder
5 Director
6 Mediator
7 Proffessor
8 Programmer
9 Developer
9 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 cursor c_job is select * from job;
3 r_job c_job%ROWTYPE;
4 cursor c_empInjob (cin_jobNo NUMBER) is select * from employee where empno = cin_jobNo;
5
6 r_emp c_empInjob%ROWTYPE;
7 begin
8 open c_job;
9 loop
10 fetch c_job into r_job;
11 exit when c_job%NOTFOUND;
12 open c_empInjob (r_job.empno);
13 loop
14 fetch c_empInjob into r_emp;
15 exit when c_empInjob%NOTFOUND;
16 end loop;
17 close c_empInjob;
18
19 end loop;
20 close c_job;
21 end;
22 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table job
2 /
Table dropped.
Use For loop to output data in a PL/SQL table of cursor
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR all_emps IS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM employee
5 ORDER BY first_name;
6
7 TYPE emp_table IS TABLE OF employee%ROWTYPE;
8
9 emps emp_table;
10 emps_max PLS_INTEGER;
11 inx1 PLS_INTEGER;
12 BEGIN
13 emps_max := 0;
14
15 emps := emp_table ();
16
17 FOR emp IN all_emps LOOP
18 emps_max := emps_max + 1;
19 emps.extend;
20 emps(emps_max).id := emp.id;
21 emps(emps_max).first_name := emp.first_name;
22 emps(emps_max).salary := emp.salary;
23 END LOOP;
24
25 emps.extend(5,1);
26
27 FOR inx1 IN 1..emps_max+5 LOOP
28 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emps(inx1).id ||" " || emps(inx1).first_name);
29 END LOOP;
30 emps.trim(5);
31
32 emps.delete(1);
33
34 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emps.count);
35
36 FOR inx1 IN 1..emps_max+5 LOOP
37 IF emps.exists(inx1) THEN
38 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (emps(inx1).id ||" " || emps(inx1).first_name);
39 END IF;
40 END LOOP;
41 END;
42 /
02 Alison
04 Celia
07 David
03 James
08 James
01 Jason
06 Linda
05 Robert
02 Alison
02 Alison
02 Alison
02 Alison
02 Alison
7
04 Celia
07 David
03 James
08 James
01 Jason
06 Linda
05 Robert
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
while cursorName%found, loop
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table gift(
2 gift_id integer primary key
3 ,emp_id integer
4 ,register_date date not null
5 ,total_price number(7,2)
6 ,deliver_date date
7 ,deliver_time varchar2(7)
8 ,payment varchar2(2)
9 ,emp_no number(3,0)
10 ,deliver_name varchar2(35)
11 ,message varchar2(100)
12 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id,emp_id,register_date,total_price,deliver_date,deliver_time,payment,emp_no,deliver_name,message)values
2 (1,1,sysdate, 123.12, sysdate+1, "12 noon", "CA",1, null, "Happy Birthday to you");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time ,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (2,1,sysdate, 50.98, sysdate+2, "1 pm", "CA",7, "name1", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (3, 2,sysdate, 35.99, sysdate+3, "1 pm", "VS",2, "Tom", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (4, 2,sysdate, 19.95, sysdate+4, "5 pm", "CA",2, "Mary", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (5, 6,sysdate, 10.95, sysdate+5, "4:30 pm", "VS", 2, "Jack", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (6, 9,sysdate-3, 22.95, sysdate+6, "1 pm", "VS", 2, "Mike", "Happy Birthday" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (7, 9,sysdate-4, 35.95, sysdate+7, "12 noon", "VS", 2, "Jason", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (8, 12,sysdate-6, 35.95, sysdate+8, "12 noon", "DI",3, "Lite", "Happy New Year");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (9, 12,sysdate-9, 75.95, sysdate+9, "12 noon", "CA",7, "Sara", "Happy New Year" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (10, 4, sysdate, 19.95, sysdate, "2:30 pm", "VG",2, "Mary", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message )values
2 (11, 2, sysdate, 30.00, sysdate+2, "1:30 pm", "VG",2, "Mary", "Happy New Year");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (12, 7, sysdate-3, 21.95, sysdate-2, "3:30 pm", "CA",2, "Mary", "Happy New Year");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into gift(gift_id ,emp_id ,register_date ,total_price ,deliver_date ,deliver_time,payment ,emp_no,deliver_name ,message)values
2 (13, 7, sysdate, 21.95, sysdate, "3:30 pm", "CA",2, "Mary", "Happy Birthday");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table sale(
2 gift_id integer
3 ,product_id integer
4 ,quantity number(4,0)
5 ,price number(7,2)
6 ,primary key (gift_id ,product_id)
7 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into sale(gift_id, product_id, quantity, price) values(1, 2, 10, 23.00 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sale(gift_id, product_id, quantity, price) values(2, 1, 1, 23.11 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sale(gift_id, product_id, quantity, price) values(11, 8, 1, 30.00);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> --set termout on
SQL> DECLARE
2 giftIDValue sale.gift_id%type;
3 totalValue sale.price%type;
4 cursor c1 is
5 select gift_id, sum(price * quantity) from sale group by gift_id;
6 begin
7 open c1;
8 fetch c1 into giftIDValue, totalValue;
9 while c1%found loop
10 update gift
11 set total_price = totalValue
12 where gift_id = giftIDValue;
13 fetch c1 into giftIDValue, totalValue;
14 end loop;
15 close c1;
16 end;
17 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table gift;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table sale;
Table dropped.
SQL>
WHILE..LOOP Cursor Loop
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
2 CURSOR c_employee IS
3 SELECT id, first_name, last_name
4 FROM employee
5 WHERE id = "01";
6
7 v_employeeData c_employee%ROWTYPE;
8 BEGIN
9 -- Open the cursor and initialize the active set
10 OPEN c_employee;
11
12 -- Retrieve the first row, to set up for the WHILE loop
13 FETCH c_employee INTO v_employeeData;
14
15 -- Continue looping while there are more rows to fetch
16 WHILE c_employee%FOUND LOOP
17 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_employeeData.ID);
18 FETCH c_employee INTO v_employeeData;
19 END LOOP;
20
21 -- Free resources used by the cursor
22 CLOSE c_employee;
23
24 -- Commit our work
25 COMMIT;
26 END;
27 /
01
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.