Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Set/MINUS — различия между версиями
Admin (обсуждение | вклад) м (1 версия) |
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Текущая версия на 10:05, 26 мая 2010
Minus between two different tables
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table course_schedule
2 ( course VARCHAR2(6)
3 , begindate DATE
4 , trainer NUMBER(4)
5 , location VARCHAR2(20)) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-04-12",1,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("OAU",date "1999-08-10",2,"CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-10-04",3,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("SQL",date "1999-12-13",4,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("JAV",date "1999-12-13",5,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("XML",date "2000-02-03",6,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("JAV",date "2000-02-01",7,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("PLS",date "2000-09-11",8,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("XML",date "2000-09-18",NULL,"SEATTLE");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("OAU",date "2000-09-27",9,"DALLAS" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("ERM",date "2001-01-15",10, NULL );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("PRO",date "2001-02-19",NULL,"VANCOUVER" );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into course_schedule values ("RSD",date "2001-02-24",8,"CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table departments
2 ( deptno NUMBER(2)
3 , dname VARCHAR2(10)
4 , location VARCHAR2(20)
5 , mgr NUMBER(4)
6 ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments values (10,"ACCOUNTING","NEW YORK" , 2);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (20,"TRAINING", "VANCOUVER", 3);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (30,"SALES", "CHICAGO", 4);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (40,"HR", "BOSTON", 5);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select o.location from course_schedule o
2 minus
3 select d.location from departments d;
LOCATION
--------------------
DALLAS
SEATTLE
SQL>
SQL> drop table departments;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table course_schedule;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Minus id column
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp (
2 emp_id NUMBER,
3 ename VARCHAR2(40),
4 hire_date DATE DEFAULT sysdate,
5 end_date DATE,
6 rate NUMBER(5,2),
7 CONSTRAINT emp_pk PRIMARY KEY (emp_id)
8 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (101, "Mary", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,169);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (102, "Tom", to_date("16-Sep-1964","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("5-May-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),135);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (104, "Peter", to_date("29-Dec-1987","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("1-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),99);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (105, "Mike", to_date("15-Jun-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,121);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (107, "Less", to_date("2-Jan-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,45);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (108, "Park", to_date("1-Mar-1994","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("15-Nov-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),220);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (110, "Ink", to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("30-Sep-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),84);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (111, "Tike", to_date("23-Aug-1976","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (112, "Inn", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),70);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (113, "Kate", to_date("3-Mar-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("31-Oct-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),300);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE server_usage (
2 pro_id NUMBER(4),
3 emp_id NUMBER,
4 time_log_date DATE,
5 hours_logged NUMBER(8,2),
6 dollars_charged NUMBER(8,2),
7 CONSTRAINT server_usage_pk PRIMARY KEY (pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date)
8 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1001,101,to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),1123,222);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1002,102,to_date("4-Apr-2005","dd-mon-yyyy"),1124,223);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1003,103,to_date("4-Apr-2006","dd-mon-yyyy"),1125,224);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1004,104,to_date("4-Apr-2007","dd-mon-yyyy"),1126,225);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1005,105,to_date("4-Apr-2008","dd-mon-yyyy"),1127,226);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1001,106,to_date("4-Apr-2009","dd-mon-yyyy"),1128,227);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO server_usage(pro_id, emp_id, time_log_date, hours_logged, dollars_charged)
2 VALUES (1002,107,to_date("4-Apr-2010","dd-mon-yyyy"),1129,228);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SELECT emp_id
2 FROM emp
3 MINUS
4 SELECT emp_id
5 FROM server_usage;
108
110
111
112
113
5 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table server_usage;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Using the MINUS Operator
The MINUS operator returns the remaining rows when the rows retrieved by the second query are subtracted from the rows retrieved by the first query.
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT id, first_name
2 FROM employee
3 MINUS
4 SELECT id, first_name
5 FROM employee where id <3;
ID FIRST_NAME
---- ----------
03 James
04 Celia
05 Robert
06 Linda
07 David
08 James
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>