Oracle PL/SQL/Table Joins/Inner Joins — различия между версиями
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Admin (обсуждение | вклад) м (1 версия) |
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Текущая версия на 09:54, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
An inner join to
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table product(
2 product_id integer primary key
3 ,price number(7,2)
4 ,description varchar2(75)
5 ,onhand number(5,0)
6 ,reorder number(5,0)
7 ,supplier_no integer
8 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (1,2.50,"Oracle",100,20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (2,23.00,"SQL Server",null,null);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (3,null,"MySQL",null,null);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (4,1.50,"DB2",50,10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (5,10.50,"Java",100,20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (6,45.00,"C++",null,null);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (7,19.99,"Javascript",3,5);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product(product_id, price, description, onhand, reorder)values (8,4.50,"Ruby",null,null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from product;
PRODUCT_ID PRICE DESCRIPTION ONHAND REORDER SUPPLIER_NO
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1 2.5 Oracle 100 20
2 23 SQL Server
3 MySQL
4 1.5 DB2 50 10
5 10.5 Java 100 20
6 45 C++
7 19.99 Javascript 3 5
8 4.5 Ruby
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> create table product_supplier(
2 product_id integer
3 ,supplier_no integer
4 ,price number(7,2)
5 ,primary key (product_id, supplier_no)
6 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(1,10,2.25);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(1,11,2.10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(1,12,2.85);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(2,10,22.25);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(2,11,22.00);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into product_supplier values(2,12,21.25);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from product_supplier;
PRODUCT_ID SUPPLIER_NO PRICE
---------- ----------- ----------
1 10 2.25
1 11 2.1
1 12 2.85
2 10 22.25
2 11 22
2 12 21.25
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> create table supplier(
2 supplier_no integer primary key
3 ,supplier_name varchar2(50)
4 ,address varchar(30)
5 ,city varchar(20)
6 ,state varchar2(2)
7 ,area_code varchar2(3)
8 ,phone varchar2(8)
9 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(10,"ABC Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(11,"BCD Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(12,"WWW Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(13,"XYZ Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(14,"R Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(15,"D Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(16,"B Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(17,"W Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(18,"P Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into supplier(supplier_no, supplier_name)values(19,"R Gift Supply Co.");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from supplier;
SUPPLIER_NO SUPPLIER_NAME ADDRESS CITY ST ARE PHONE
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- -- --- --------
10 ABC Gift Supply Co.
11 BCD Gift Supply Co.
12 WWW Gift Supply Co.
13 XYZ Gift Supply Co.
14 R Gift Supply Co.
15 D Gift Supply Co.
16 B Gift Supply Co.
17 W Gift Supply Co.
18 P Gift Supply Co.
19 R Gift Supply Co.
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select supplier_name,
2 description
3 from supplier s,product_supplier ps,product p
4 where s.supplier_no = ps.supplier_no
5 and ps.product_id = p.product_id;
SUPPLIER_NAME DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABC Gift Supply Co. Oracle
BCD Gift Supply Co. Oracle
WWW Gift Supply Co. Oracle
ABC Gift Supply Co. SQL Server
SUPPLIER_NAME DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BCD Gift Supply Co. SQL Server
WWW Gift Supply Co. SQL Server
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table supplier;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table product_supplier;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table product;
Table dropped.
SQL> --
Inner and Outer Joins
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Room (
2 RoomID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
3 Comments VARCHAR(50),
4 Capacity INT);
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (1,"Main hall",500);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (2,"Science Department",200);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (3,"Science Room 1",100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (4,"Languages Block",300);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (5,"Languages Room 1",75);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Class (
2 ClassID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
3 CourseID INT NOT NULL,
4 InstructorID INT NOT NULL,
5 RoomID INT NOT NULL,
6 Time VARCHAR(50));
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (1,1,1,6,"Mon 09:00-11:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (2,2,1,5,"Mon 11:00-12:00, Thu 09:00-11:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (3,3,2,3,"Mon 14:00-16:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (4,4,3,2,"Tue 10:00-12:00, Thu 14:00-15:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (5,5,2,9,"Tue 14:00-16:00");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT Class.ClassID,
2 Class.CourseID,
3 Class.Time,
4 Room.ruments AS RoomName
5 FROM Class INNER JOIN Room
6 ON Class.RoomID = Room.RoomID
7 ORDER BY ClassID;
CLASSID COURSEID TIME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
ROOMNAME
--------------------------------------------------
2 2 Mon 11:00-12:00, Thu 09:00-11:00
Languages Room 1
3 3 Mon 14:00-16:00
Science Room 1
4 4 Tue 10:00-12:00, Thu 14:00-15:00
Science Department
3 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table Room;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table Class;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Inner join primary key and foreign key
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE departments
2 (department_id number(10) not null,
3 department_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 1, "Data Group" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 2, "Purchasing" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 3, "Call Center" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 4, "Communication" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null,
3 last_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 email varchar2(30),
5 hire_date date,
6 job_id varchar2(30),
7 department_id number(10),
8 salary number(6),
9 manager_id number(6),
10 CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
11 CONSTRAINT fk_departments FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments(department_id)
12 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "YourName@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Dillon", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "oracle1@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from employees;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME EMAIL HIRE_DATE JOB_ID DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY MANAGER_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- ----------
1001 Lawson lawson@g.ru 01-JAN-02 MGR 1 30000 1004
1002 Wells wells@g.ru 01-JAN-02 DBA 2 20000 1005
1003 Bliss bliss@g.ru 01-JAN-02 PROG 3 24000 1004
1004 Kyte YourName@a.ru 13-JUN-98 MGR 4 25000 1005
1005 Dillon sdillon@a .ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 1 20000 1006
1006 Beck clbeck@g.ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 2 20000
1007 Java java01@g.ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 3 20000 1006
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME EMAIL HIRE_DATE JOB_ID DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY MANAGER_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- ----------
1008 Oracle oracle1@g.ru 10-JUN-08 DBA 4 20000 1006
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from departments;
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NA
------------- -------------
1 Data Group
2 Purchasing
3 Call Center
4 Communication
4 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name
2 from employees e inner join departments d
3 on e.department_id = d.department_id
4 where e.job_id = "DBA"
5 /
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_NA
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------
1002 Wells Purchasing
1008 Oracle Communication
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
Inner joins use join conditions in the FROM clause just like natural joins
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 MGR NUMBER(4),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Inner Joins
SQL>
SQL> -- Inner joins use join conditions in the FROM clause just like natural joins,
but you must specify the columns from each table to join on:
SQL>
SQL> select e.empno, e.ename, d.dname
2 from emp e inner join dept d
3 on e.deptno = d.deptno
4 where e.job = "MANAGER";
EMPNO ENAME DNAME
---------- ---------- --------------
7782 CLARK ACCOUNTING
7566 JONES RESEARCH
7698 BLAKE SALES
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Inner join with null foreign key
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE departments
2 (department_id number(10) not null,
3 department_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 1, "Data Group" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 2, "Purchasing" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 3, "Call Center" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 4, "Communication" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null,
3 last_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 email varchar2(30),
5 hire_date date,
6 job_id varchar2(30),
7 department_id number(10),
8 salary number(6),
9 manager_id number(6),
10 CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
11 CONSTRAINT fk_departments FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments(department_id)
12 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "YourName@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Dillon", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "oracle1@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from employees;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME EMAIL HIRE_DATE JOB_ID DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY MANAGER_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- ----------
1001 Lawson lawson@g.ru 01-JAN-02 MGR 1 30000 1004
1002 Wells wells@g.ru 01-JAN-02 DBA 2 20000 1005
1003 Bliss bliss@g.ru 01-JAN-02 PROG 3 24000 1004
1004 Kyte YourName@a.ru 13-JUN-98 MGR 4 25000 1005
1005 Dillon sdillon@a .ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 1 20000 1006
1006 Beck clbeck@g.ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 2 20000
1007 Java java01@g.ru 10-JUN-08 PROG 3 20000 1006
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME EMAIL HIRE_DATE JOB_ID DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY MANAGER_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- ----------
1008 Oracle oracle1@g.ru 10-JUN-08 DBA 4 20000 1006
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from departments;
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NA
------------- -------------
1 Data Group
2 Purchasing
3 Call Center
4 Communication
4 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees
2 (employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, department_id)
3 values
4 (9999, "Doe", "john@d.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "MAN", null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select e.employee_id, e.last_name, d.department_name
2 from employees e inner join departments d
3 on e.department_id = d.department_id
4 where e.job_id = "MAN"
5 /
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Reference inner query column in outter select statement
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 MGR NUMBER(4),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select rownum, x.* from ( select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate ) x;
ROWNUM ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ---------- ---------
1 SMITH 17-DEC-80
2 ALLEN 20-FEB-81
3 WARD 22-FEB-81
4 JONES 02-APR-81
5 BLAKE 01-MAY-81
6 CLARK 09-JUN-81
7 TURNER 08-SEP-81
8 MARTIN 28-SEP-81
9 KING 17-NOV-81
10 JAMES 03-DEC-81
11 FORD 03-DEC-81
ROWNUM ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ---------- ---------
12 MILLER 23-JAN-82
13 SCOTT 09-DEC-82
14 ADAMS 12-JAN-83
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Three inner joins query
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE departments
2 (department_id number(10) not null,
3 department_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 1, "Data Group" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 2, "Purchasing" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 3, "Call Center" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 4, "Communication" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null,
3 last_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 email varchar2(30),
5 hire_date date,
6 job_id varchar2(30),
7 department_id number(10),
8 salary number(6),
9 manager_id number(6),
10 CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
11 CONSTRAINT fk_departments FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments(department_id)
12 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "YourName@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Dillon", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "oracle1@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select d.department_name, e.last_name
2 from departments d inner join employees e
3 on d.department_id = e.department_id
4 where d.department_id = 1
5 /
DEPARTMENT_NA LAST_NAME
------------- --------------------------------------------------
Data Group Lawson
Data Group Dillon
SQL>
SQL> select d.department_name, e.last_name
2 from departments d inner join employees e
3 on d.department_id = e.department_id
4 where d.department_id = 2
5 /
DEPARTMENT_NA LAST_NAME
------------- --------------------------------------------------
Purchasing Wells
Purchasing Beck
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select d.department_name, e.last_name
2 from departments d inner join employees e
3 on d.department_id = e.department_id
4 where d.department_id = 4
5 /
DEPARTMENT_NA LAST_NAME
------------- --------------------------------------------------
Communication Kyte
Communication Oracle
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Using Inner Joins
SQL> CREATE TABLE Room (
2 RoomID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
3 Comments VARCHAR(50),
4 Capacity INT);
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (1,"Main hall",500);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (2,"Science Department",200);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (3,"Science Room 1",100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (4,"Languages Block",300);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Room (RoomID,Comments,Capacity) VALUES (5,"Languages Room 1",75);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Class (
2 ClassID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
3 CourseID INT NOT NULL,
4 InstructorID INT NOT NULL,
5 RoomID INT NOT NULL,
6 Time VARCHAR(50));
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (1,1,1,6,"Mon 09:00-11:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (2,2,1,5,"Mon 11:00-12:00, Thu 09:00-11:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (3,3,2,3,"Mon 14:00-16:00");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Class (ClassID,CourseID,InstructorID,RoomID,Time) VALUES (4,4,3,2,"Tue 10:00-12:00, Thu 14:00-15:00");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT Room.RoomID, Class.Time
2 FROM Room
3 INNER JOIN Class
4 ON Room.RoomID = Class.RoomID
5 ORDER BY Room.RoomID;
ROOMID TIME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
2 Tue 10:00-12:00, Thu 14:00-15:00
3 Mon 14:00-16:00
5 Mon 11:00-12:00, Thu 09:00-11:00
3 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table room;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table class;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>