Oracle PL/SQL/Table Joins/ANSI SQL 92 Joins — различия между версиями
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Текущая версия на 09:54, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
Performing Cross Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name
4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired
5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary
6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary
7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed
8 )
9 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title
4 )
5 /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from job;
EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> --Performing Cross Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM employee CROSS JOIN job;
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- - ---------- ----------
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 101 Painter
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 122 Tester
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 123 Dediator
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 104 Chemist
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 105 Accountant
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 116 Manager
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 117 Programmer
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E 108 Developer
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 101 Painter
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 122 Tester
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 123 Dediator
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 104 Chemist
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 105 Accountant
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 116 Manager
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 117 Programmer
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W 108 Developer
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 101 Painter
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 122 Tester
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 123 Dediator
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 104 Chemist
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 105 Accountant
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 116 Manager
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 117 Programmer
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E 108 Developer
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 101 Painter
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 122 Tester
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 123 Dediator
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 104 Chemist
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 105 Accountant
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 116 Manager
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 117 Programmer
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W 108 Developer
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 101 Painter
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 122 Tester
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 123 Dediator
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 104 Chemist
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 105 Accountant
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 116 Manager
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 117 Programmer
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E 108 Developer
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 101 Painter
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 122 Tester
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 123 Dediator
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 104 Chemist
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 105 Accountant
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 116 Manager
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 117 Programmer
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W 108 Developer
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 101 Painter
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 122 Tester
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 123 Dediator
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 104 Chemist
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 105 Accountant
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 116 Manager
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 117 Programmer
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E 108 Developer
56 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Performing Full Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name
4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired
5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary
6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary
7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed
8 )
9 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title
4 )
5 /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from job;
EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Performing Full Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> --A full outer join uses all rows in the joined tables including those that have null values in
SQL> --either of the columns used in the join. The following example shows a query that uses the SQL/92
SQL> -- FULL OUTER JOIN keywords:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle
2 FROM employee e FULL OUTER JOIN job j
3 USING (empno);
ENAME JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
Alison Tester
James Dediator
Celia Chemist
Robert Accountant
Linda Manager
David Programmer
Jode Developer
Painter
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Performing Left Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name
4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired
5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary
6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary
7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed
8 )
9 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title
4 )
5 /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from job;
EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Performing Left Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> -- Earlier you saw the following query that performed a left outer join:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle
2 FROM employee e, job j
3 WHERE e.empno = j.empno (+);
ENAME JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
Alison Tester
James Dediator
Celia Chemist
Robert Accountant
Linda Manager
David Programmer
Jode Developer
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- The next example rewrites this query using the SQL/92 LEFT OUTER JOIN keywords:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle
2 FROM employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN job j
3 USING (empno);
ENAME JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
Alison Tester
James Dediator
Celia Chemist
Robert Accountant
Linda Manager
David Programmer
Jode Developer
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Performing Right Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 ename VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), -- Employee Name
4 hireDate DATE, -- Date Employee Hired
5 orig_salary Number(8,2), -- Orignal Salary
6 curr_salary Number(8,2), -- Current Salary
7 region VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) -- Region where employeed
8 )
9 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create table job(
2 empno Number(3) NOT NULL, -- Employee ID
3 jobtitle VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) -- Employee job title
4 )
5 /
Table created.
SQL> -- prepare data for employee table
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(122,"Alison",to_date("19960321","YYYYMMDD"), 45000, 48000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(123, "James",to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), 23000, 32000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(104,"Celia",to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), 53000, 58000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(105,"Robert",to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), 31000, 36000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(116,"Linda", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), 43000, 53000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(117,"David", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), 78000, 85000, "W")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(empno, ename, hireDate, orig_salary, curr_salary, region)
2 values(108,"Jode", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), 21000, 29000, "E")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data for job table
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(101, "Painter");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(122, "Tester");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(123, "Dediator");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(104, "Chemist");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(105, "Accountant");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(116, "Manager");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(117, "Programmer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into job(empno, jobtitle)
2 values(108, "Developer");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
122 Alison 21-MAR-96 45000 48000 E
123 James 12-DEC-78 23000 32000 W
104 Celia 24-OCT-82 53000 58000 E
105 Robert 15-JAN-84 31000 36000 W
116 Linda 30-JUL-87 43000 53000 E
117 David 31-DEC-90 78000 85000 W
108 Jode 17-SEP-96 21000 29000 E
7 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> select * from job;
EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
101 Painter
122 Tester
123 Dediator
104 Chemist
105 Accountant
116 Manager
117 Programmer
108 Developer
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Performing Right Outer Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> -- Earlier you saw the following query that performed a right outer join:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle
2 FROM employee e, job j
3 WHERE e.empno (+) = j.empno;
ENAME JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
Alison Tester
James Dediator
Celia Chemist
Robert Accountant
Linda Manager
David Programmer
Jode Developer
Painter
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- The next example rewrites this query using the SQL/92 RIGHT OUTER JOIN keywords:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle
2 FROM employee e RIGHT OUTER JOIN job j
3 USING (empno);
ENAME JOBTITLE
---------- ----------
Alison Tester
James Dediator
Celia Chemist
Robert Accountant
Linda Manager
David Programmer
Jode Developer
Painter
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table job;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Performing Self Joins Using SQL/92
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 MGR NUMBER(4),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-DEC-17 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-FEB-20 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-FEB-22 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-APR-02 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-SEP-28 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-MAY-01 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-JUN-09 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1982-DEC-09 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-NOV-17 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-SEP-08 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1983-JAN-12 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-DEC-03 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-DEC-03 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-JAN-23 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> --Performing Self Joins Using SQL/92
SQL>
SQL> --The following example uses SQL/86 to perform a self join on the employees table:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename || " works for " || m.ename
2 FROM emp e, emp m
3 WHERE e.mgr = m.empno;
E.ENAME||"WORKSFOR"||M.ENAME
-------------------------------
FORD works for JONES
SCOTT works for JONES
JAMES works for BLAKE
TURNER works for BLAKE
MARTIN works for BLAKE
WARD works for BLAKE
ALLEN works for BLAKE
MILLER works for CLARK
ADAMS works for SCOTT
CLARK works for KING
BLAKE works for KING
JONES works for KING
SMITH works for FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> -- The next example rewrites this query to use the SQL/92 INNER JOIN and ON keywords:
SQL>
SQL> SELECT w.ename || " works for " || m.ename
2 FROM emp w INNER JOIN emp m
3 ON w.mgr = m.empno;
W.ENAME||"WORKSFOR"||M.ENAME
-------------------------------
FORD works for JONES
SCOTT works for JONES
JAMES works for BLAKE
TURNER works for BLAKE
MARTIN works for BLAKE
WARD works for BLAKE
ALLEN works for BLAKE
MILLER works for CLARK
ADAMS works for SCOTT
CLARK works for KING
BLAKE works for KING
JONES works for KING
SMITH works for FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table Emp
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>