Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Conversion Functions/Cast — различия между версиями

Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010

Содержание

1 cast(12.98 as number(2)) example1
2 Cast date to char
3 Cast decimal to integer
4 CAST examples
5 Cast null as timestamp
6 Cast number to a char
7 Cast string to date type before comparison
8 Cast table of numbers
9 Cast varchar to char
10 select cast(null as date ) example3
11 select cast("oak" as char(10) ) example2
12 Use Date to cast string to date type

cast(12.98 as number(2)) example1

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select cast(12.98 as number(2)) example1
  2  from   dual;
  EXAMPLE1
----------
        13
SQL>
SQL>

Cast date to char

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE book(
  2    title_id   CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  3    title_name VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
  4    type       VARCHAR(10)  NULL    ,
  5    pub_id     CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  6    pages      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  7    price      DECIMAL(5,2) NULL    ,
  8    sales      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  9    pubdate    DATE         NULL    ,
 10    contract   SMALLINT     NOT NULL
 11  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT "Title "
  2         || title_id
  3         || " published on "
  4         || CAST(pubdate AS CHAR(10))
  5           AS "Biography publication dates"
  6    FROM book
  7    WHERE type = "biography"
  8      AND pubdate IS NOT NULL
  9    ORDER BY pubdate DESC;
Biography publication dates
---------------------------------
Title T12 published on 31-AUG-00
Title T06 published on 31-JUL-00
Title T07 published on 01-OCT-99
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table book;
Table dropped.
SQL>

Cast decimal to integer

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE book(
  2    title_id   CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  3    title_name VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
  4    type       VARCHAR(10)  NULL    ,
  5    pub_id     CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  6    pages      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  7    price      DECIMAL(5,2) NULL    ,
  8    sales      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  9    pubdate    DATE         NULL    ,
 10    contract   SMALLINT     NOT NULL
 11  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2      price
  3        AS "price(DECIMAL)",
  4      CAST(price AS INTEGER)
  5        AS "price(INTEGER)",
  6      "<" || CAST(price AS CHAR(8)) || ">"
  7        AS "price(CHAR(8))"
  8    FROM book;
price(DECIMAL) price(INTEGER) price(CHAR
-------------- -------------- ----------
         21.99             22 <21.99   >
         19.95             20 <19.95   >
         39.95             40 <39.95   >
         12.99             13 <12.99   >
          6.95              7 <6.95    >
         19.95             20 <19.95   >
         23.95             24 <23.95   >
            10             10 <10      >
         13.95             14 <13.95   >
                              <>
          7.99              8 <7.99    >
price(DECIMAL) price(INTEGER) price(CHAR
-------------- -------------- ----------
         12.99             13 <12.99   >
         29.99             30 <29.99   >
13 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table book;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

CAST examples

SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
  2     a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE;
  3     b VARCHAR2(40);
  4     c TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE;
  5  BEGIN
  6     a := CAST ("24-Feb-2002 09.00.00.00 PM US/Eastern" AS TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
  7     b := CAST (a AS VARCHAR2);
  8     c := CAST (a AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE);
  9
 10     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(a);
 11     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(b);
 12     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(c);
 13  END;
 14  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

Cast null as timestamp

SQL> SELECT CAST(NULL AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE) from dual;
CAST(NULLASTIMESTAMPWITHLOCALTIMEZONE)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cast number to a char

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE book(
  2    title_id   CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  3    title_name VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
  4    type       VARCHAR(10)  NULL    ,
  5    pub_id     CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  6    pages      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  7    price      DECIMAL(5,2) NULL    ,
  8    sales      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  9    pubdate    DATE         NULL    ,
 10    contract   SMALLINT     NOT NULL
 11  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT CAST(sales AS CHAR(7))
  2         || " copies sold of title "
  3         || title_id
  4           AS "Biography sales"
  5    FROM book
  6    WHERE type = "biography"
  7      AND sales IS NOT NULL
  8    ORDER BY sales DESC;
Biography sales
--------------------------------
1500200 copies sold of title T07
100001  copies sold of title T12
11320   copies sold of title T06
SQL>
SQL> drop table book;
Table dropped.
SQL>

Cast string to date type before comparison

SQL> create table emp
  2  ( empno      NUMBER(4)    constraint E_PK primary key
  3  , ename      VARCHAR2(8)
  4  , init       VARCHAR2(5)
  5  , job        VARCHAR2(8)
  6  , mgr        NUMBER(4)
  7  , bdate      DATE
  8  , sal       NUMBER(6,2)
  9  , comm       NUMBER(6,2)
 10  , deptno     NUMBER(2)    default 10
 11  ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N",   "Coder", 13,date "1965-12-17",  800 , NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20",  1600, 300,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" ,  "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22",  1250, 500,   30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM",  "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02",  2975, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P",  "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28",  1250, 1400,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R",   "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01",  2850, NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB",  "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09",  2450, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "Coder", 4,date "1959-11-26",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC",   "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17",  5000, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28",  1500, 0,     30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA",  "Coder", 8,date "1966-12-30",  1100, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R",   "Manager",   6,date "1969-12-03",  800 , NULL,  30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG",   "Coder", 4,date "1959-02-13",  3000, NULL,  20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager",   7,date "1962-01-23",  1300, NULL,  10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select e.ename as emp
  2  ,      m.ename as Designer
  3  from   emp m
  4         JOIN
  5         emp e
  6         ON e.mgr = m.empno
  7  where  e.bdate > date "1965-01-01"
  8  order  by emp;
EMP      DESIGNER
-------- --------
Ana      Smart
Chris    Peter
Jane     Black
Jane     Peter
Take     Black
Tom      Fake
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.

Cast table of numbers

SQL> create table num_tab (col1 number(10));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE numberTableType AS TABLE OF NUMBER(10);
  2  /
Type created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE address_list (list_id VARCHAR2(6)PRIMARY KEY,
  2                   home_addresses numberTableType )
  3                   NESTED TABLE home_addresses STORE AS home_addreses_tab;

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO address_list VALUES ("H101",numberTableType(1001,1002,1003,1004));

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> declare
  2    v_numberVarryType numberTableType := numberTableType(NULL,NULL,NULL);
  3  begin
  4    v_numberVarryType(1):=1001;
  5    v_numberVarryType(2):=1002;
  6    v_numberVarryType(3):=1003;
  7    insert into num_tab select column_value from TABLE(CAST(v_numberVarryType AS numberTableType));
  8  end;
  9  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> select * from num_tab;
  COL1
------
  1001
  1002
  1003
3 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table num_tab;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table address_list;

SQL>

Cast varchar to char

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE book(
  2    title_id   CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  3    title_name VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
  4    type       VARCHAR(10)  NULL    ,
  5    pub_id     CHAR(3)      NOT NULL,
  6    pages      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  7    price      DECIMAL(5,2) NULL    ,
  8    sales      INTEGER      NULL    ,
  9    pubdate    DATE         NULL    ,
 10    contract   SMALLINT     NOT NULL
 11  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T01","Java","history","P01",111,21.99,566,DATE "2000-08-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T02","Oracle","history","P03", 114,19.95,9566,DATE "1998-04-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T03","SQL","computer","P02", 122,39.95,25667,DATE "2000-09-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T04","C++","psychology","P04", 511,12.99,13001,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T05","Python","psychology","P04", 101,6.95,201440,DATE "2001-01-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T06","JavaScript","biography","P01", 173,19.95,11320,DATE "2000-07-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T07","LINQ","biography","P03", 331,23.95,1500200,DATE "1999-10-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T08","C#","children","P04", 861,10.00,4095,DATE "2001-06-01",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T09","SQL Server","children","P04", 212,13.95,5000,DATE "2002-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T10","AJAX","biography","P01", NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T11","VB","psychology","P04", 821,7.99,94123,DATE "2000-11-30",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T12","Office","biography","P01", 507,12.99,100001,DATE "2000-08-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO book VALUES("T13","VBA","history","P03", 812,29.99,10467,DATE "1999-05-31",1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2      CAST(sales AS CHAR(8))
  3      || " copies sold of "
  4      || CAST(title_name AS CHAR(20))
  5        AS "History and biography sales"
  6    FROM book
  7    WHERE sales IS NOT NULL
  8      AND type IN ("history", "biography")
  9    ORDER BY sales DESC;
History and biography sales
--------------------------------------------
1500200  copies sold of LINQ
100001   copies sold of Office
11320    copies sold of JavaScript
10467    copies sold of VBA
9566     copies sold of Oracle
566      copies sold of Java
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table book;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

select cast(null as date ) example3

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select cast(null as date ) example3
  2  from   dual;
EXAMPLE3
---------

SQL>

select cast("oak" as char(10) ) example2

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select cast("oak" as char(10) ) example2
  2  from   dual;
EXAMPLE2
----------
oak
SQL>

Use Date to cast string to date type

SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE price_avg
  2  (product  VARCHAR(20)
  3  ,whn      DATE
  4  ,price    DECIMAL(10,2)
  5  ,PRIMARY KEY (product,whn)
  6  );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_avg VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2006-05-19", 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_avg VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2006-05-20", 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_avg VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2006-05-21", 10.5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_avg VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2006-05-22", 10.5);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE price_delta
  2  (product  VARCHAR(20)
  3  ,whn      DATE
  4  ,price    DECIMAL(10,2)
  5  ,PRIMARY  KEY (product,whn)
  6  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO price_delta VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2001-01-01", 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_delta VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2006-05-21", 10.5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_delta VALUES ("Product A",DATE "2005-06-15", 9);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_delta VALUES ("Product B",DATE "2001-01-01", 12);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO price_delta VALUES ("Product B",DATE "2005-06-15", 13);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT price
  2    FROM price_avg
  3   WHERE product="Product A" AND whn=DATE "2006-05-20";
     PRICE
----------
        10
SQL>
SQL> DROP TABLE price_avg;
Table dropped.
SQL> DROP TABLE price_delta;
Table dropped.

Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Conversion Functions/Cast — различия между версиями

Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010

Содержание

cast(12.98 as number(2)) example1

Cast date to char

Cast decimal to integer

CAST examples

Cast null as timestamp

Cast number to a char

Cast string to date type before comparison

Cast table of numbers

Cast varchar to char

select cast(null as date ) example3

select cast("oak" as char(10) ) example2

Use Date to cast string to date type

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Текущая версия на 10:08, 26 мая 2010 (просмотреть исходный код) Admin (обсуждение \| вклад) м (1 версия)	Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010 (просмотреть исходный код) (обсуждение) Следующая правка →
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