Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/Date Timestamp Functions/EXTRACT — различия между версиями
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Admin (обсуждение | вклад) м (1 версия) |
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Текущая версия на 10:04, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
- 1 extract day from birthday
- 2 EXTRACT() gets the hour, minute, and second from a TIMESTAMP returned by TO_TIMESTAMP()
- 3 EXTRACT()gets the time zone hour, minute, second, region, and region abbreviation from a TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE returned by TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ()
- 4 EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-15:26", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS MINUTE
- 5 extract month from birthday
- 6 EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-15:26", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS SECOND
- 7 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_ABBR FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
- 8 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 -7:15", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM"))
- 9 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_REGION FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
- 10 EXTRACT() to extract and return a year, month, day, hour, minute, second, or time zone from the timestamp types or a DATE.
- 11 extract year from birthday
- 12 Extract year, month, day from a date
- 13 Order date value by only year field with extract() function
- 14 SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) As MONTH
- 15 SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS YEAR
extract day from birthday
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select bdate
2 , extract(day from bdate) as day_of_birth
3 from employees;
BDATE DAY_OF_BIRTH
--------- ------------
18-DEC-65 18
19-NOV-66 19
21-OCT-67 21
22-SEP-68 22
23-AUG-69 23
24-JUL-70 24
25-JUN-71 25
26-MAY-72 26
27-APR-73 27
28-MAR-74 28
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
EXTRACT() gets the hour, minute, and second from a TIMESTAMP returned by TO_TIMESTAMP()
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26",
3 "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS HOUR
4 FROM dual;
HOUR
----------
19
SQL>
-
EXTRACT()gets the time zone hour, minute, second, region, and region abbreviation from a TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE returned by TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ()
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_HOUR FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(
3 "01-JAN-2005 19:15:26 -7:15", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM"))
4 AS TZH
5 FROM dual;
TZH
----------
-7
SQL>
EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-15:26", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS MINUTE
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26",
3 "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS MINUTE
4 FROM dual;
MINUTE
----------
15
SQL>
extract month from birthday
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select bdate
2 , extract(month from bdate) as month_of_birth
3 from employees;
BDATE MONTH_OF_BIRTH
--------- --------------
18-DEC-65 12
19-NOV-66 11
21-OCT-67 10
22-SEP-68 9
23-AUG-69 8
24-JUL-70 7
25-JUN-71 6
26-MAY-72 5
27-APR-73 4
28-MAR-74 3
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-15:26", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS SECOND
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TO_TIMESTAMP("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26",
3 "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS SECOND
4 FROM dual;
SECOND
----------
26
SQL>
EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_ABBR FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_ABBR FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(
3 "01-JAN-2005 19:15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
4 AS TZA
5 FROM dual;
TZA
----------
PST
SQL>
EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 -7:15", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM"))
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(
3 "01-JAN-2005 19:15:26 -7:15", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM"))
4 AS TZM
5 FROM dual;
TZM
----------
-15
SQL>
EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_REGION FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ("01-JAN-15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_REGION FROM TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(
3 "01-JAN-2005 19:15:26 PST", "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR"))
4 AS TZR
5 FROM dual;
TZR
----------------------------------------------------------------
PST
SQL>
EXTRACT() to extract and return a year, month, day, hour, minute, second, or time zone from the timestamp types or a DATE.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
2 EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26",
3 "DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS YEAR
4 FROM dual;
YEAR
----------
2005
SQL>
SQL>
extract year from birthday
SQL>
SQL> create table employees(
2 empno NUMBER(4)
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , msal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees values(1,"Jason", "N", "TRAINER", 2, date "1965-12-18", 800 , NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(2,"Jerry", "J", "SALESREP",3, date "1966-11-19", 1600, 300, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(3,"Jord", "T" , "SALESREP",4, date "1967-10-21", 1700, 500, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(4,"Mary", "J", "MANAGER", 5, date "1968-09-22", 1800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(5,"Joe", "P", "SALESREP",6, date "1969-08-23", 1900, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(6,"Black", "R", "MANAGER", 7, date "1970-07-24", 2000, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(7,"Red", "A", "MANAGER", 8, date "1971-06-25", 2100, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(8,"White", "S", "TRAINER", 9, date "1972-05-26", 2200, NULL, 40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(9,"Yellow", "C", "DIRECTOR",10, date "1973-04-27", 2300, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(10,"Pink", "J", "SALESREP",null,date "1974-03-28", 2400, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select bdate
2 , extract(year from bdate) as year_of_birth
3 from employees;
BDATE YEAR_OF_BIRTH
--------- -------------
18-DEC-65 1965
19-NOV-66 1966
21-OCT-67 1967
22-SEP-68 1968
23-AUG-69 1969
24-JUL-70 1970
25-JUN-71 1971
26-MAY-72 1972
27-APR-73 1973
28-MAR-74 1974
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Extract year, month, day from a date
SQL> create table emp
2 ( empno NUMBER(4) constraint E_PK primary key
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , sal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) default 10
11 ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N", "Coder", 13,date "1965-12-17", 800 , NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20", 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" , "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22", 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM", "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02", 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P", "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28", 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R", "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01", 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB", "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09", 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "Coder", 4,date "1959-11-26", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC", "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17", 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28", 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA", "Coder", 8,date "1966-12-30", 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R", "Manager", 6,date "1969-12-03", 800 , NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG", "Coder", 4,date "1959-02-13", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager", 7,date "1962-01-23", 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select bdate
2 , extract(year from bdate) as year_of_birth
3 , extract(month from bdate) as month_of_birth
4 , extract(day from bdate) as day_of_birth
5 from emp
6 where ename = "Peter";
BDATE YEAR_OF_BIRTH MONTH_OF_BIRTH DAY_OF_BIRTH
---------- ------------- -------------- ------------
17-11-1952 1952 11 17
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
Order date value by only year field with extract() function
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE emp (
2 emp_id NUMBER,
3 ename VARCHAR2(40),
4 hire_date DATE DEFAULT sysdate,
5 end_date DATE,
6 rate NUMBER(5,2),
7 CONSTRAINT emp_pk
8 PRIMARY KEY (emp_id)
9 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (101, "Mary", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,169);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (102, "Tom", to_date("16-Sep-1964","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("5-May-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),135);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (104, "Peter", to_date("29-Dec-1987","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("1-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),99);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (105, "Mike", to_date("15-Jun-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,121);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (107, "Less", to_date("2-Jan-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,45);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (108, "Park", to_date("1-Mar-1994","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("15-Nov-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),220);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (110, "Ink", to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("30-Sep-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),84);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (111, "Tike", to_date("23-Aug-1976","dd-mon-yyyy"),null,100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (112, "Inn", to_date("15-Nov-1961","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("4-Apr-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),70);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO emp(emp_id, ename, hire_date,end_date, rate)VALUES (113, "Kate", to_date("3-Mar-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),to_date("31-Oct-2004","dd-mon-yyyy"),300);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SET ECHO ON
SQL> SELECT e.emp_id "ID", e.ename "Name",
2 e.hire_date "Hire Date"
3 FROM emp e
4 ORDER BY EXTRACT(YEAR FROM hire_date) DESC, ename ASC;
110
Ink
04-APR-04
113
Kate
03-MAR-04
107
Less
02-JAN-04
105
Mike
15-JUN-04
108
Park
01-MAR-94
104
Peter
29-DEC-87
111
Tike
23-AUG-76
102
Tom
16-SEP-64
112
Inn
15-NOV-61
101
Mary
15-NOV-61
10 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) As MONTH
SQL> SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) As MONTH
2 FROM dual;
MONTH
----------
1
SQL>
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS YEAR
SQL> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TO_DATE("01-JAN-2005 19:15:26","DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS")) AS YEAR
2 FROM dual;
YEAR
----------
2005
SQL>