Oracle PL/SQL/Constraints/Add Primary Key — различия между версиями

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Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010

Add Primary Key

  
SQL> CREATE TABLE Employee(Employee_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
  2                   Employee_Name VARCHAR2(10),
  3                   JOB VARCHAR2(9),
  4                   Manager_ID NUMBER(4),
  5                   Start_Date DATE,
  6                   Salary NUMBER(7, 2),
  7                   COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
  8                   Deparment_ID NUMBER(2)
  9  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7369, "SMITH",  "CLERK",     7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7499, "ALLEN",  "SALESMAN",  7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600,  300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7521, "WARD",   "SALESMAN",  7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250,  500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7566, "JONES",  "MANAGER",   7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN",  7698, TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7698, "BLAKE",  "MANAGER",   7839, TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7782, "CLARK",  "MANAGER",   7839, TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7788, "SCOTT",  "ANALYST",   7566, TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7839, "KING",   "PRESIDENT", NULL, TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN",  7698, TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  1500,    0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7876, "ADAMS",  "CLERK",     7788, TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7900, "JAMES",  "CLERK",     7698, TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),   950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7902, "FORD",   "ANALYST",   7566, TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"),  3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Employee VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK",     7782, TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Department(Deparment_ID NUMBER(2),
  2                          Department_Name VARCHAR2(14),
  3                          Location VARCHAR2(13)
  4  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (20, "RESEARCH",   "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (30, "SALES",      "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Department VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_pk primary key(Employee_ID);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Department add constraint Department_pk primary key(Deparment_ID);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_fk_Department foreign key(Deparment_ID) references Department;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table Employee add constraint Employee_fk_Employee foreign key(Manager_ID) references Employee;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select * from Employee;
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_N JOB       MANAGER_ID START_DAT     SALARY       COMM DEPARMENT_ID
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
       7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                      20
       7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300           30
       7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500           30
       7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                      20
       7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81       1250       1400           30
       7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81       2850                      30
       7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                      10
       7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 09-DEC-82       3000                      20
       7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                      10
       7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81       1500          0           30
       7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 12-JAN-83       1100                      20
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_N JOB       MANAGER_ID START_DAT     SALARY       COMM DEPARMENT_ID
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
       7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81        950                      30
       7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81       3000                      20
       7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82       1300                      10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from Department;
DEPARMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
------------ -------------- -------------
          10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
          20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
          30 SALES          CHICAGO
          40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Using table aliases in joins
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.Employee_ID, e.Start_Date,
  2         e.Employee_Name,d.Department_Name, d.Location
  3  FROM Employee e, Department d
  4  WHERE d.Deparment_ID = e.Deparment_ID;
EMPLOYEE_ID START_DAT EMPLOYEE_N DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
----------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
       7369 17-DEC-80 SMITH      RESEARCH       DALLAS
       7499 20-FEB-81 ALLEN      SALES          CHICAGO
       7521 22-FEB-81 WARD       SALES          CHICAGO
       7566 02-APR-81 JONES      RESEARCH       DALLAS
       7654 28-SEP-81 MARTIN     SALES          CHICAGO
       7698 01-MAY-81 BLAKE      SALES          CHICAGO
       7782 09-JUN-81 CLARK      ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
       7788 09-DEC-82 SCOTT      RESEARCH       DALLAS
       7839 17-NOV-81 KING       ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
       7844 08-SEP-81 TURNER     SALES          CHICAGO
       7876 12-JAN-83 ADAMS      RESEARCH       DALLAS
EMPLOYEE_ID START_DAT EMPLOYEE_N DEPARTMENT_NAM LOCATION
----------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
       7900 03-DEC-81 JAMES      SALES          CHICAGO
       7902 03-DEC-81 FORD       RESEARCH       DALLAS
       7934 23-JAN-82 MILLER     ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table Department cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table Employee cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Add primary key and try to insert default value to it

   
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table another_dept as select * from dept;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table another_dept add constraint another_dept_pk primary key( deptno );
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> insert into another_dept  values( 40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON" );
insert into another_dept  values( 40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON" )
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS.ANOTHER_DEPT_PK) violated

SQL> insert into another_dept (loc)values( "RESTON" );
insert into another_dept (loc)values( "RESTON" )
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SYS"."ANOTHER_DEPT"."DEPTNO")

SQL>
SQL> drop table another_dept;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.
SQL>



Add primary key as the last statement

  
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (
  2     Name    VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  3     PhoneNo VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone" NOT NULL,
  4     CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY (Name)
  5  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> DROP TABLE myTable;
Table dropped.



Alter a table to insert primary key and index

   
SQL>
SQL> create table inventory(
  2  partno number(4),
  3  partdesc varchar2(35),
  4  price number(8,2),
  5  warehouse varchar2(15));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> Create index invent_part_loc_idx
  2  On inventory (partno, warehouse);
Index created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> Alter table inventory add (
  2  Constraint invent_partno_pk primary key (partno)
  3  Using index invent_part_loc_idx);
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table inventory;
Table dropped.
SQL>



Alter table to add primary key

  
SQL>
SQL> create table emp (
  2  id number(6) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table emp
  2  add constraint emp_pk
  3  primary key (id);
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.



Alter table to primary key and check it in user_ind_columns and user_cons_columns

  
SQL>
SQL> set echo off
SQL> create table emp(
  2           emp_id            integer
  3          ,lastname               varchar2(20)   constraint lastname_create_nn not null
  4          ,firstname              varchar2(15)   constraint firstname_create_nn not null
  5          ,midinit                varchar2(1)
  6          ,street                 varchar2(30)
  7          ,city                   varchar2(20)
  8          ,state                  varchar2(2)
  9          ,zip                    varchar2(5)
 10          ,shortZipCode           varchar2(4)
 11          ,area_code              varchar2(3)
 12          ,phone                  varchar2(8)
 13          ,company_name           varchar2(50));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> create unique index pk_idx on emp (emp_id);
Index created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table emp add (constraint  pk_alter primary key(emp_id));
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select index_name, table_name, column_name from user_ind_columns where table_name = "emp";
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> select constraint_name, table_name, column_name from user_cons_columns where table_name = "emp";
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp cascade constraints;
Table dropped.



DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX exception.

   
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE lecturer (
  2    id               NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
  3    first_name       VARCHAR2(20),
  4    last_name        VARCHAR2(20),
  5    major            VARCHAR2(30),
  6    current_credits  NUMBER(3)
  7    );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10001, "Scott", "Lawson","Computer Science", 11);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major, current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10002, "Mar", "Wells","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10003, "Jone", "Bliss","Computer Science", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10004, "Man", "Kyte","Economics", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10005, "Pat", "Poll","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10006, "Tim", "Viper","History", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10007, "Barbara", "Blues","Economics", 7);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10008, "David", "Large","Music", 4);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10009, "Chris", "Elegant","Nutrition", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10010, "Rose", "Bond","Music", 7);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10011, "Rita", "Johnson","Nutrition", 8);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name, major,current_credits)
  2                VALUES (10012, "Sharon", "Clear","Computer Science", 3);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> BEGIN
  2    INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name)
  3      VALUES (20000, "John", "Smith");
  4    INSERT INTO lecturer (id, first_name, last_name)
  5      VALUES (20000, "Susan", "Ryan");
  6  END;
  7  /
BEGIN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (sqle.SYS_C006710) violated
ORA-06512: at line 4

SQL>
SQL> select * from lecturer;
      ID FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            MAJOR                          CURRENT_CREDITS
-------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
######## Scott                Lawson               Computer Science                         11.00
######## Mar                  Wells                History                                   4.00
######## Jone                 Bliss                Computer Science                          8.00
######## Man                  Kyte                 Economics                                 8.00
######## Pat                  Poll                 History                                   4.00
######## Tim                  Viper                History                                   4.00
######## Barbara              Blues                Economics                                 7.00
######## David                Large                Music                                     4.00
######## Chris                Elegant              Nutrition                                 8.00
######## Rose                 Bond                 Music                                     7.00
######## Rita                 Johnson              Nutrition                                 8.00
      ID FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            MAJOR                          CURRENT_CREDITS
-------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
######## Sharon               Clear                Computer Science                          3.00
12 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table lecturer;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Joined primary key

  

SQL> CREATE TABLE store (
  2    store_id VARCHAR2(12) CONSTRAINT store_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  3    store_name VARCHAR2(15),
  4    city VARCHAR2(25),
  5    state VARCHAR2(2),
  6    region VARCHAR2(2),
  7    zip VARCHAR2(5));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE pc (
  2    pc_id VARCHAR2(12) CONSTRAINT prod_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  3    prod_desc VARCHAR2(15),
  4    upc NUMBER,
  5    brand VARCHAR2(12),
  6    category VARCHAR2(12),
  7    department VARCHAR2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE promotion (
  2    promo_id varchar2(12) CONSTRAINT promo_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  3    promo_name varchar2(15),
  4    promo_type varchar2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE FinancialYear (
  2    time_id DATE CONSTRAINT time_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  3    month NUMBER,
  4    quarter NUMBER,
  5    year NUMBER,
  6    season VARCHAR2(12));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE SALES (
  2    time_id DATE NOT NULL CONSTRAINT time_fk                REFERENCES FinancialYear(time_id),
  3    store_id VARCHAR2(12) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT store_fk      REFERENCES store(store_id),
  4    pc_id VARCHAR2(12)  NOT NULL,
  5    promo_id VARCHAR2(12) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT promo_fk      REFERENCES promotion(promo_id),
  6    units NUMBER,
  7    dollars NUMBER,
  8    cost NUMBER,
  9    CONSTRAINT sales_pk PRIMARY KEY (time_id, store_id, pc_id, promo_id)
 10  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table sales;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table FinancialYear;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table promotion;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table pc;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table store;
Table dropped.



Setting primary key as declaring the column

  
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE myTable (
  2     Name    VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
  3     PhoneNo VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT "Unknown Phone" NOT NULL
  4  );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table myTable;
Table dropped.



Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete

  
SQL>
SQL> -- Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete
SQL>
SQL>     CREATE TABLE supplier
  2      (      supplier_id     numeric(10)     not null,
  3             supplier_name   varchar2(50)    not null,
  4             contact_name    varchar2(50),
  5             CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)
  6      );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>     CREATE TABLE products
  2      (      product_id      numeric(10)     not null,
  3             supplier_id     numeric(10)     not null,
  4             supplier_name   varchar2(50)    not null
  5      );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER TABLE products
  2  add CONSTRAINT fk_supplier
  3    FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id)
  4    REFERENCES supplier(supplier_id)
  5    ON DELETE CASCADE;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>     desc products;
 Name                                                                                                  Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
 PRODUCT_ID                                                                                            NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_ID                                                                                           NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_NAME                                                                                         NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>     desc supplier;
 Name                                                                                                  Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUPPLIER_ID                                                                                           NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_NAME                                                                                         NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
 CONTACT_NAME                                                                                           VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
SQL>     drop table products cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>     drop table supplier cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>



Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete for more than one column

  

SQL>
SQL> -- Use alter table to add foreign key with cascade delete for more than one column
SQL>     CREATE TABLE supplier
  2      (      supplier_id     numeric(10)     not null,
  3             supplier_name   varchar2(50)    not null,
  4             contact_name    varchar2(50),
  5             CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name)
  6      );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>     CREATE TABLE products
  2      (      product_id      numeric(10)     not null,
  3             supplier_id     numeric(10)     not null,
  4             supplier_name   varchar2(50)    not null
  5      );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER TABLE products
  2  add CONSTRAINT fk_supplier
  3    FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name)
  4    REFERENCES supplier(supplier_id, supplier_name)
  5    ON DELETE CASCADE;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>     desc products;
 Name                                                                                                  Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
 PRODUCT_ID                                                                                            NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_ID                                                                                           NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_NAME                                                                                         NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>     desc supplier;
 Name                                                                                                  Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
 SUPPLIER_ID                                                                                           NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
 SUPPLIER_NAME                                                                                         NOT NULL VARCHAR2(50)
 CONTACT_NAME                                                                                           VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
SQL>     drop table products cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>     drop table supplier cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>