Oracle PL/SQL/View/Create View — различия между версиями
Admin (обсуждение | вклад) м (1 версия) |
Admin (обсуждение | вклад) м (1 версия) |
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Текущая версия на 10:01, 26 мая 2010
Содержание
- 1 Create a simple view
- 2 Create a view with check option
- 3 create force view
- 4 create materialized view
- 5 Create or replace a view
- 6 Create OR REPLACE VIEW from selected columns in a table
- 7 Create view by join three tables
- 8 Create view on single field of a type
- 9 Create view without indiating the column name
- 10 User view and object id
- 11 Use view based on user-defind type
- 12 Using view to simplify the query
Create a simple view
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create view view_employee as
2 select id view_id, first_name view_first_name
3 from employee;
View created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select * from view_employee;
VIEW VIEW_FIRST
---- ----------
01 Jason
02 Alison
03 James
04 Celia
05 Robert
06 Linda
07 David
08 James
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop view view_employee;
View dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Create a view with check option
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE departments
2 (department_id number(10) not null,
3 department_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 1, "Data Group" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 2, "Purchasing" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 3, "Call Center" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments ( department_id, department_name )
2 values( 4, "Communication" );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null,
3 last_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 email varchar2(30),
5 hire_date date,
6 job_id varchar2(30),
7 department_id number(10),
8 salary number(6),
9 manager_id number(6),
10 CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
11 CONSTRAINT fk_departments FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments(department_id)
12 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "tkyte@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Viper", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "wvelasq@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace view department_10 as
2 select *
3 from employees
4 where department_id = 10
5 with check option;
View created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table employees cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL>
create force view
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create view invalid_view as
2 select * from table_that_does_not_exist;
select * from table_that_does_not_exist
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL>
SQL> create force view invalid_view as
2 select * from table_that_does_not_exist;
Warning: View created with compilation errors.
SQL>
SQL> drop view invalid_view;
View dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
create materialized view
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE employees
2 ( employee_id number(10) not null,
3 last_name varchar2(50) not null,
4 email varchar2(30),
5 hire_date date,
6 job_id varchar2(30),
7 department_id number(10),
8 salary number(6),
9 manager_id number(6)
10 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary,department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1001, "Lawson", "lawson@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002","MGR", 30000,1 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values ( 1002, "Wells", "wells@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "DBA", 20000,2, 1005 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id ,manager_id)
2 values( 1003, "Bliss", "bliss@g.ru", "01-JAN-2002", "PROG", 24000,3 ,1004);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1004, "Kyte", "tkyte@a.ru", SYSDATE-3650, "MGR",25000 ,4, 1005);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1005, "Viper", "sdillon@a .ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 1, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id,manager_id)
2 values( 1006, "Beck", "clbeck@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 2, null);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1007, "Java", "java01@g.ru", SYSDATE, "PROG", 20000, 3, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into employees( employee_id, last_name, email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id, manager_id)
2 values( 1008, "Oracle", "wvelasq@g.ru", SYSDATE, "DBA", 20000, 4, 1006);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> set timing off
SQL>
SQL> create materialized view my_orders_mv
2 build immediate
3 refresh on commit
4 enable query rewrite
5 as
6 select employee_id,
7 count(*) total_orders
8 from employees
9 group by employee_id
10 /
from employees
*
ERROR at line 8:
ORA-00439: feature not enabled: Materialized view rewrite
SQL>
SQL> set timing on
SQL> select * from my_orders_mv;
select * from my_orders_mv
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
SQL> set timing off
SQL> drop table employees;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
Create or replace a view
SQL>
SQL> create table t(
2 id number,
3 data varchar2(200) );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace view view_t as
2 select id view_id, data view_data
3 from t;
View created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from view_t;
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL> drop table t;
Table dropped.
SQL>
Create OR REPLACE VIEW from selected columns in a table
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myView (First_Name, Last_Name) AS
2 select First_Name,
3 Last_Name
4 from Employee
5 where Salary > 2000;
View created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select * from myView;
FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
---------- ----------
Alison Mathews
James Smith
Celia Rice
Robert Black
Linda Green
David Larry
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop view myView;
View dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Create view by join three tables
SQL> create table emp
2 ( empno NUMBER(4) constraint E_PK primary key
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , sal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) default 10
11 ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N", "TRAINER", 13,date "1965-12-17", 800 , NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20", 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" , "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22", 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM", "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02", 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P", "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28", 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R", "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01", 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB", "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09", 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-11-26", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC", "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17", 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28", 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA", "TRAINER", 8,date "1966-12-30", 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R", "Manager", 6,date "1969-12-03", 800 , NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-02-13", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager", 7,date "1962-01-23", 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table departments
2 ( deptno NUMBER(2) constraint D_PK primary key
3 , dname VARCHAR2(10)
4 , location VARCHAR2(8)
5 , mgr NUMBER(4)
6 ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments values (10,"ACCOUNTING","NEW YORK",7);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (20,"TRAINING", "DALLAS", 4);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (30,"SALES", "CHICAGO", 6);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (40,"HR", "BOSTON", 9);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create view empdept_v as
2 select e.empno
3 , e.ENAME
4 , e.init
5 , d.dname
6 , d.location
7 , m.ENAME as Designer
8 from emp e
9 join
10 departments d using (deptno)
11 join
12 emp m on (m.empno = d.mgr);
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments;
Table dropped.
Create view on single field of a type
SQL> create type addressType as object
2 (Street VARCHAR2(50),
3 City VARCHAR2(25),
4 State CHAR(2),
5 Zip NUMBER);
6 /
SQL>
SQL> create type personType as object
2 (Name VARCHAR2(25),
3 Address addressType);
4 /
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace type personType as object
2 (Name VARCHAR2(25),
3 Address addressType);
4 /
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table myemp
2 (cid NUMBER,
3 Person personType);
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> insert into myemp values(1,personType("SomeName",addressType("StreetValue","CityValue","ST",11111)));
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create index empview
2 on myemp(Person.Address.City);
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table myemp;
SQL> drop type personType;
SQL> drop type addressType;
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
Create view without indiating the column name
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Create View
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE VIEW EmployeeView AS
2 select First_Name, Last_Name from Employee;
View created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM EmployeeView ORDER BY First_Name;
FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
---------- ----------
Alison Mathews
Celia Rice
David Larry
James Smith
James Cat
Jason Martin
Linda Green
Robert Black
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop view EmployeeView;
View dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
User view and object id
SQL> create type addressType as object
2 (Street VARCHAR2(50),
3 City VARCHAR2(25),
4 State CHAR(2),
5 Zip NUMBER);
6 /
SQL> create type personType as object
2 (Name VARCHAR2(25),
3 Address addressType);
4 /
SQL>
SQL> create table emp
2 (cid NUMBER primary key,
3 Name VARCHAR2(25),
4 Street VARCHAR2(50),
5 City VARCHAR2(25),
6 State CHAR(2),
7 Zip NUMBER);
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace type empType as object
2 (cid NUMBER,
3 Name VARCHAR2(25),
4 Street VARCHAR2(50),
5 City VARCHAR2(25),
6 State CHAR(2),
7 Zip NUMBER);
8 /
SQL>
SQL> create view empView of empType
2 with object OID (cid) as
3 select cid, Name, Street, City, State, Zip
4 from emp;
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop view empView;
SQL> drop table emp;
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop type personType;
SQL>
SQL> drop type addressType;
SQL>
SQL>
Use view based on user-defind type
SQL> create type addressType as object
2 (Street VARCHAR2(50),
3 City VARCHAR2(25),
4 State CHAR(2),
5 Zip NUMBER);
6 /
SQL> create type personType as object
2 (Name VARCHAR2(25),
3 Address addressType);
4 /
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create table emp
2 (cid NUMBER primary key,
3 Name VARCHAR2(25),
4 Street VARCHAR2(50),
5 City VARCHAR2(25),
6 State CHAR(2),
7 Zip NUMBER);
SQL>
SQL> create view empView (cid, Person) as
2 select cid,personType(Name,addressType(Street, City, State, Zip))
3 from emp;
SQL>
SQL> drop view empView;
SQL> drop table emp;
SQL>
SQL> drop type personType;
SQL>
SQL> drop type addressType;
SQL>
SQL>
Using view to simplify the query
SQL> create table emp
2 ( empno NUMBER(4) constraint E_PK primary key
3 , ename VARCHAR2(8)
4 , init VARCHAR2(5)
5 , job VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 , bdate DATE
8 , sal NUMBER(6,2)
9 , comm NUMBER(6,2)
10 , deptno NUMBER(2) default 10
11 ) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp values(1,"Tom","N", "TRAINER", 13,date "1965-12-17", 800 , NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(2,"Jack","JAM", "Tester",6,date "1961-02-20", 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(3,"Wil","TF" , "Tester",6,date "1962-02-22", 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(4,"Jane","JM", "Designer", 9,date "1967-04-02", 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(5,"Mary","P", "Tester",6,date "1956-09-28", 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(6,"Black","R", "Designer", 9,date "1963-11-01", 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(7,"Chris","AB", "Designer", 9,date "1965-06-09", 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(8,"Smart","SCJ", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-11-26", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(9,"Peter","CC", "Designer",NULL,date "1952-11-17", 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(10,"Take","JJ", "Tester",6,date "1968-09-28", 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(11,"Ana","AA", "TRAINER", 8,date "1966-12-30", 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(12,"Jane","R", "Manager", 6,date "1969-12-03", 800 , NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(13,"Fake","MG", "TRAINER", 4,date "1959-02-13", 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp values(14,"Mike","TJA","Manager", 7,date "1962-01-23", 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table departments
2 ( deptno NUMBER(2) constraint D_PK
3 primary key
4 , dname VARCHAR2(10)
5 , location VARCHAR2(8)
6 , mgr NUMBER(4)
7 ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into departments values (10,"ACCOUNTING","NEW YORK",7);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (20,"TRAINING", "DALLAS", 4);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (30,"SALES", "CHICAGO", 6);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into departments values (40,"HR", "BOSTON", 9);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create view empdept_v as
2 select e.empno
3 , e.ENAME
4 , e.init
5 , d.dname
6 , d.location
7 , m.ENAME as Designer
8 from emp e
9 join
10 departments d using (deptno)
11 join
12 emp m on (m.empno = d.mgr);
SQL>
SQL> select * from empdept_v where Designer = "Chris";
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table departments;
Table dropped.