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== All columns as primary key==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table keywords
2 ( word varchar2(50),
3 position int,
4 doc_id int,
5 primary key(word,position,doc_id)
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table keywords;
Table dropped.</source>

== Alter table to insert primary key==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> CREATE TABLE department (
2 dept_id INTEGER,
3 dept_name VARCHAR2(32));

SQL>
SQL> ALTER TABLE department
2 ADD CONSTRAINT pk_dept PRIMARY KEY (dept_id);
Table altered.

SQL>
SQL> drop table department;
Table dropped.</source>

== Create a table with primary key, VARCHAR type column and date type column with default value==



<source lang="sql">
CREATE TABLE myTable (
2 id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
3 status VARCHAR2(10),
4 last_modified DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> desc myTable;
Name Null? Type
ID NOT NULL NUMBER(38)
STATUS VARCHAR2(10)
LAST_MODIFIED DATE
SQL>
SQL> drop table myTable;
Table dropped.</source>

== One to many using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Programmer
2 (lect_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
3 lect_name VARCHAR2(20),
4 PRIMARY KEY (lect_id));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Course
2 (course_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
3 course_name VARCHAR2(20),
4 lect_id VARCHAR(10),
5 PRIMARY KEY (course_id),
6 FOREIGN KEY (lect_id) REFERENCES Programmer (lect_id)
7 ON DELETE CASCADE);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table Programmer cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table Course cascade constraints;
Table dropped.</source>

== One-to-one using a primary-key and foreign-key relationship==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Office
2 (office_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
3 building_name VARCHAR2(20),
4 PRIMARY KEY (office_id));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE Programmer
2 (lect_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
3 lect_name VARCHAR2(20),
4 office_id VARCHAR2(10),
5 PRIMARY KEY (lect_id),
6 FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Office (office_id)
7 ON DELETE CASCADE);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table Office cascade constraints;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table Programmer cascade constraints;
Table dropped.</source>

== Try to add two primary keys to one table==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> alter table employee
2 add constraint emp_pk
3 primary key( id );
primary key( id )
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-02260: table can have only one primary key

SQL>
SQL> desc employee;
Name Null? Type
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID NOT NULL VARCHAR2(4)
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
START_DATE DATE
END_DATE DATE
SALARY NUMBER(8,2)
CITY VARCHAR2(10)
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(15)
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>

== Use combined column as the primary key==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table myTable(
2 id number(6) not null,
3 salary number(8,2),
4 hire_date date default sysdate,
5 termination_date date,
6 termination_desc varchar2(4000),
7 constraint emphistory_pk primary key (id, hire_date)
8 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> describe myTable;
Name Null? Type
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
SALARY NUMBER(8,2)
HIRE_DATE NOT NULL DATE
TERMINATION_DATE DATE
TERMINATION_DESC VARCHAR2(4000)
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table myTable;
Table dropped.</source>

== Use three columns as primary key==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table registrations
2 ( attendee NUMBER(4)
3 , course VARCHAR2(6)
4 , begindate DATE
5 , evaluation NUMBER(1)
6 , constraint R_PK primary key (attendee,course,begindate)
7 ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into registrations values (2,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",4 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (14,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",5 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (6,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",4 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (11,"SQL",date "2009-04-12",2 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (8,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (9,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",3 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (13,"SQL",date "2009-10-04",4 );
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (13,"SQL",date "2009-12-13",NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (6,"SQL",date "2009-12-13",NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into registrations values (3,"OAU",date "2009-08-10",4 );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select evaluation
2 from registrations
3 where attendee = 8
4 order by evaluation;
EVALUATION
----------

SQL>
SQL> drop table registrations;
Table dropped.</source>

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в 13:45, 26 мая 2010

Admin: 1 версия