в 13:45, 26 мая 2010

2010-05-26T13:45:46Z

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2010-05-26T10:05:04Z

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== Cascade delete setting==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER(4) primary key,
2 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
4 MGR NUMBER(4),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
7 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
8 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902, TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698, TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839, TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table addresses
2 ( empno number(4) references emp(empno) on delete cascade,
3 addr_type varchar2(10),
4 street varchar2(20),
5 city varchar2(20),
6 state varchar2(2),
7 zip number,
8 primary key (empno,addr_type)
9 )
10 ORGANIZATION INDEX
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table addresses;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
SQL></source>

== Create an external table==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> create table myTable
2 (c1 varchar2(80) )
3 organization external
4 (
5 type oracle_loader
6 default directory infile
7 access parameters
8 (
9 records delimited by newline
10 fields
11 (c1 char(80) )
12 )
13 location ("xml.lst")
14 )
15 /

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select * from myTable
2 where rownum <= 5;

SQL> drop table myTable;</source>

== Create a table based on a hash cluster==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create cluster hash_cluster
2 ( hash_key number )
3 hashkeys 1000
4 size 8192
5 /
Cluster created.
SQL>
SQL> create table hashed_table
2 (x number, data1 varchar2(4000), data2 varchar2(4000) )
3 cluster hash_cluster(x);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop cluster hash_cluster;
drop cluster hash_cluster
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00951: cluster not empty

SQL>
SQL> drop table hashed_table;
Table dropped.</source>

== Create a table from one or more other tables==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE person (
2 person_code VARCHAR2(3) PRIMARY KEY,
3 first_name VARCHAR2(15),
4 last_name VARCHAR2(20),
5 hire_date DATE
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO person VALUES ("CA", "Chase", "At", "01-FEB-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO person VALUES ("GA", "Gary", "Talor", "15-FEB-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO person VALUES ("BB", "Bob", "Bark", "28-FEB-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO person VALUES ("LB", "Laren", "Baby", "01-MAR-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO person VALUES ("LN", "Linda", "Norman", "01-JUN-03");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE product_order (
2 product_name VARCHAR2(25),
3 salesperson VARCHAR2(3),
4 order_date DATE,
5 quantity NUMBER(4,2)
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 1", "CA", "14-JUL-03", 1);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 2", "BB", "14-JUL-03", 75);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 3", "GA", "14-JUL-03", 2);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 4", "GA", "15-JUL-03", 8);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 5", "LB", "15-JUL-03", 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 6", "CA", "16-JUL-03", 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product_order VALUES ("Product 7", "CA", "17-JUL-03", 1);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE product (
2 product_name VARCHAR2(25) PRIMARY KEY,
3 product_price NUMBER(4,2),
4 quantity_on_hand NUMBER(5,0),
5 last_stock_date DATE
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 1", 99, 1, "15-JAN-03");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 2", 75, 1000, "15-JAN-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 3", 50, 100, "15-JAN-03");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 4", 25, 10000, null);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 5", 9.95,1234, "15-JAN-04");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 6", 45, 1, TO_DATE("December 31, 2008, 11:30 P.M.","Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI P.M."));
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE product_order_log2 AS
2 SELECT purc.order_date,
3 prod.product_name,
4 prod.product_price,
5 purc.quantity,
6 pers.first_name,
7 pers.last_name
8 FROM product prod,
9 person pers,
10 product_order purc
11 WHERE prod.product_name = purc.product_name
12 AND
13 pers.person_code = purc.salesperson;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM product_order_log2;
ORDER_DAT PRODUCT_NAME PRODUCT_PRICE QUANTITY FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
--------- ------------------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- --------------------
14-JUL-03 Product 1 99 1 Chase At
14-JUL-03 Product 2 75 75 Bob Bark
14-JUL-03 Product 3 50 2 Gary Talor
15-JUL-03 Product 4 25 8 Gary Talor
15-JUL-03 Product 5 9.95 20 Laren Baby
16-JUL-03 Product 6 45 5 Chase At
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table product_order;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table product;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table person;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> drop table product_order_log2;
Table dropped.</source>

== Create copy table==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> create table emp_copy as
2 select *
3 from employee;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp_copy;

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager

ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL> drop table emp_copy;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL></source>

== Create intermediate table for calculation==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> create table emp(
2 emp_no integer primary key,
3 lastname varchar2(20) not null,
4 firstname varchar2(15) not null,
5 midinit varchar2(1),
6 street varchar2(30),
7 city varchar2(20),
8 state varchar2(2),
9 zip varchar2(5),
10 shortZipCode varchar2(4),
11 area_code varchar2(3),
12 phone varchar2(8),
13 salary number(5,2),
14 birthdate date,
15 startDate date,
16 title varchar2(20),
17 dept_no integer,
18 mgr integer,
19 region number,
20 division number,
21 total_sales number
22 );
Table created.
SQL> -- emp Table Inserts:
SQL> insert into emp(emp_no, lastname, firstname, midinit, street, city, state, zip,shortZipCode, area_code, phone, birthdate, title)values
2 (1,"Z","Joy","R","1 Ave","New York","NY","12122","2333","212","200-1111","12-nov-1976","President");
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp(emp_no, lastname, firstname, midinit, street, city, state, zip,shortZipCode, area_code, phone, salary, birthdate, startDate,title, dept_no, mgr, region, division, total_sales)valu
es
2 (2,"X","Lucy","J","1 Street","New York","NY","43552","6633","212","234-4444",7.75,"21-mar-1976","1-feb-1994","Sales Manager",2,1,100,10,40000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp(emp_no, lastname, firstname, midinit, street, city, state, zip,shortZipCode, area_code, phone, salary, birthdate, startDate,title, dept_no, mgr, region, division, total_sales)valu
es
2 (3,"Y","Jordan","E","1 Drive","New York","NY","76822","8763","212","222-2222",7.75,"14-feb-1963","15-mar-1995","Sales Clerk",2,2,100,10,10000);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table avg_sal
2 as select avg(salary) AS avg_Sal from emp;

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select lastname, salary,
2 CASE WHEN salary > avg_sal THEN "> Average of " || to_char(avg_sal, "99.99")
3 WHEN salary < avg_sal THEN "< Average of " || to_char(avg_sal, "99.99")
4 ELSE "= Average of " || to_char(avg_sal, "99.99")
5 END
6 from emp, avg_sal
7 /</source>

== Create table with "organization index"==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table t1
2 ( x int primary key,
3 y varchar2(25),
4 z date
5 )
6 organization index;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table t1;
Table dropped.</source>

== Create table with "organization index OVERFLOW"==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table t2
2 ( x int primary key,
3 y varchar2(25),
4 z date
5 )
6 organization index
7 OVERFLOW;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table t2;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL></source>

== Create table with storage setting==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> create table t ( x int ) storage ( FREELISTS 2 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table t storage ( FREELISTS 2 );
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table t;
Table dropped.</source>

== Create table with storage setting 2==



<source lang="sql">
SQL> create table my_hash_table (
2 name varchar2(30),
3 value varchar2(4000) )
4 tablespace users
5 storage (
6 initial 1M
7 next 512K
8 pctincrease 0
9 minextents 2
10 maxextents unlimited )
11 /
Table created.
SQL> drop table my_hash_table;
Table dropped.</source>

== Creating a Table==

<p>The simplified syntax for the CREATE TABLE statement is as follows:</p>



<source lang="sql">
CREATE [GLOBAL TEMPORARY] TABLE table_name (
column_name type [CONSTRAINT constraint_def DEFAULT default_exp]
[, column_name type [CONSTRAINT constraint_def DEFAULT default_exp]...]
)
[ON COMMIT {DELETE | PRESERVE} ROWS]
TABLESPACE table_space;</source>

<p>where</p>
<OL><LI>GLOBAL TEMPORARY specifies that the table"s rows are temporary and such tables are known as temporary tables.</LI><LI>The duration of the contents are specified by the ON COMMIT clause.</LI><LI>A temporary table is visible to all sessions, but rows are specific to a session.</LI><LI>type specifies the type of a column.</LI><LI>constraint_def specifies the definition of a constraint on a column.</LI><LI>default_exp specifies the expression used to assign a default value to a column.</LI><LI>ON COMMIT controls the duration of the rows in a temporary table.</LI><LI>DELETE specifies the rows are deleted at the end of a transaction.</LI><LI>PRESERVE specifies the rows are deleted at the end of a session.</LI><LI>If you omit ON COMMIT for a temporary table, the default is DELETE.</LI></OL>

== Demonstrate a simple External table==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create directory external_tables as "C:\Oracle\oradata\external";
Directory created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Create the external table:
SQL> create table student_emails_ext
2 (id char,
3 firstname varchar(40),
4 lastname varchar(40),
5 email varchar(80) )
6 organization external
7 (
8 type oracle_loader
9 default directory external_tables
10 location ("students_test.txt")
11 ) reject limit unlimited
12 /
Table created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop directory external_tables;
Directory dropped.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table student_emails_ext;
Table dropped.</source>

== Make myCode a CACHE table.==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table myCode
2 (
3 codeValue VARCHAR2(1) primary key,
4 Description VARCHAR2(25)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> alter table myCode cache;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> drop table myCode;
Table dropped.</source>

== One column with three constraints==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table departments
2 ( dname VARCHAR2(10) constraint D_DNAME_NN
3 not null
4 constraint D_DNAME_UN
5 unique
6 constraint D_DNAME_CHK
7 check (dname = upper(dname))
8 ) ;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> drop table departments;
Table dropped.
SQL></source>

== Rename a table==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE product (
2 product_name VARCHAR2(25) PRIMARY KEY,
3 product_price NUMBER(4,2),
4 quantity_on_hand NUMBER(5,0),
5 last_stock_date DATE
6 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 1", 99, 1, "15-JAN-03");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 2", 75, 1000, "15-JAN-02");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 3", 50, 100, "15-JAN-03");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 4", 25, 10000, null);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 5", 9.95,1234, "15-JAN-04");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO product VALUES ("Product 6", 45, 1, TO_DATE("December 31, 2008, 11:30 P.M.","Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI P.M."));
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> RENAME product TO log;
Table renamed.
SQL>
SQL> select * from log;
PRODUCT_NAME PRODUCT_PRICE QUANTITY_ON_HAND LAST_STOC
------------------------- ------------- ---------------- ---------
Product 1 99 1 15-JAN-03
Product 2 75 1000 15-JAN-02
Product 3 50 100 15-JAN-03
Product 4 25 10000
Product 5 9.95 1234 15-JAN-04
Product 6 45 1 31-DEC-08
6 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> drop table log;
Table dropped.
SQL></source>

== Use referencing columns==



<source lang="sql">
SQL>
SQL> create table I1(n number primary key, v varchar2(10));

SQL> create table I2(n number primary key, v varchar2(10));

SQL>
SQL> create table MAP
2 (n number primary key,
3 i1 number referencing I1(n),
4 i2 number referencing I2(n));
SQL>
SQL> create unique index IDX_MAP on MAP(i1, i2);
SQL>
SQL> insert into i1
2 select rownum, rpad("*",10,"*") from all_objects;
12651 rows created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into i2
2 select rownum, rpad("*",10,"*") from all_objects;
12651 rows created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into map
2 select rownum, rownum, rownum from all_objects;
12651 rows created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select *
2 from i1, map, i2
3 where i1.n = map.i1
4 and i2.n = map.i2
5 and i1.v = "x"
6 and i2.v = "y";
no rows selected
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table i1 cascade constraint;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table map cascade constraint;
Table dropped.
SQL> drop table i2 cascade constraint;
Table dropped.</source>

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