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		<title>Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/PL SQL Statements/Rollback Commit - История изменений</title>
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		<title> в 13:45, 26 мая 2010</title>
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				<updated>2010-05-26T13:45:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; lang=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Предыдущая&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; lang=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(нет различий)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
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		<title>Admin: 1 версия</title>
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				<updated>2010-05-26T10:05:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 версия&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Новая страница&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Adding a Partial Rollback==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In a partial rollback, Oracle allows you to insert a marker in the transaction.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This marker is called the savepoint.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;You may roll back the most recent changes in the transaction.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- create demo table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; create table Employee(&lt;br /&gt;
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    Start_Date         DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  6    End_Date           DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)&lt;br /&gt;
 10  )&lt;br /&gt;
 11  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- prepare data&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2               values (&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Jason&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Martin&amp;quot;,  to_date(&amp;quot;19960725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20060725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1234.56, &amp;quot;Toronto&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Programmer&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Alison&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Mathews&amp;quot;, to_date(&amp;quot;19760321&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19860221&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6661.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;03&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Smith&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19781212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19900315&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6544.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;04&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Celia&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Rice&amp;quot;,    to_date(&amp;quot;19821024&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19990421&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2344.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;05&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Robert&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Black&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19840115&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980808&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2334.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;06&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Linda&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Green&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19870730&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19960104&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 4322.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;07&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;David&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Larry&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19901231&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 7897.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;08&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Cat&amp;quot;,     to_date(&amp;quot;19960917&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20020415&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1232.78,&amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- display data in the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager&lt;br /&gt;
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester&lt;br /&gt;
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager&lt;br /&gt;
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
8 rows selected.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; begin&lt;br /&gt;
  2      update employee set salary = 0;&lt;br /&gt;
  3      savepoint SaveDept10Update;&lt;br /&gt;
  4      update employee set salary = 100 where id =&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  5      update employee set salary = 200 where id =&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  6&lt;br /&gt;
  7      Rollback to SaveDept10Update;&lt;br /&gt;
  8&lt;br /&gt;
  9  end;&lt;br /&gt;
 10  /&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from employee;&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06          0 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86          0 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90          0 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99          0 Vancouver  Manager&lt;br /&gt;
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98          0 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96          0 New York   Tester&lt;br /&gt;
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98          0 New York   Manager&lt;br /&gt;
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02          0 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
8 rows selected.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- clean the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A Full, Explicit Rollback==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Explicit rollbacks occur when you use the command ROLLBACK.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The rollback may be full or partial.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A full rollback of the whole transaction&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- create demo table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; create table Employee(&lt;br /&gt;
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    Start_Date         DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  6    End_Date           DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)&lt;br /&gt;
 10  )&lt;br /&gt;
 11  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- prepare data&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2               values (&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Jason&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Martin&amp;quot;,  to_date(&amp;quot;19960725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20060725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1234.56, &amp;quot;Toronto&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Programmer&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Alison&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Mathews&amp;quot;, to_date(&amp;quot;19760321&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19860221&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6661.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;03&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Smith&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19781212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19900315&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6544.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;04&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Celia&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Rice&amp;quot;,    to_date(&amp;quot;19821024&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19990421&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2344.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;05&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Robert&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Black&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19840115&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980808&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2334.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;06&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Linda&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Green&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19870730&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19960104&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 4322.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;07&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;David&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Larry&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19901231&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 7897.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;08&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Cat&amp;quot;,     to_date(&amp;quot;19960917&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20020415&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1232.78,&amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- display data in the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager&lt;br /&gt;
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester&lt;br /&gt;
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager&lt;br /&gt;
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
8 rows selected.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; begin&lt;br /&gt;
  2      update employee set salary = 1;&lt;br /&gt;
  3      update employee set salary = 0 where id =&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  4&lt;br /&gt;
  5      rollback;&lt;br /&gt;
  6  end;&lt;br /&gt;
  7  /&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- clean the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Firing explicit and implicit commits==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; --An Explicit Commit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
begin&lt;br /&gt;
   update ...;&lt;br /&gt;
   update ...;&lt;br /&gt;
   insert ...&lt;br /&gt;
   commit;&lt;br /&gt;
end;&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Implicit commits==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Implicit commits fire automatically when you use any DDL commands that create, alter, or delete any database objects.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An implicit commit is also executed when you send a request to terminate a session in any one of a number of ways, such as using the EXIT command in SQL*Plus or closing your connection.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. Rollback Commit&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 1. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;A href=&amp;quot;/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/AddingaPartialRollback.htm&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Adding a Partial Rollback&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 2. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;A href=&amp;quot;/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/UserollbackinPLSQL.htm&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Use rollback in PL/SQL&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 3. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;A href=&amp;quot;/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/Rollbackinexceptionhandler.htm&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Roll back in exception handler&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 4. &lt;br /&gt;
Implicit commits&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 5. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;A href=&amp;quot;/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/AFullExplicitRollback.htm&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A Full, Explicit Rollback&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
22. 13. 6. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;A href=&amp;quot;/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/Firingexplicitandimplicitcommits.htm&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Firing explicit and implicit commits&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Roll back in exception handler==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- create demo table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; create table Employee(&lt;br /&gt;
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL primary key,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    Start_Date         DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  6    End_Date           DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)&lt;br /&gt;
 10  )&lt;br /&gt;
 11  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- prepare data&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2               values (&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Jason&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Martin&amp;quot;,  to_date(&amp;quot;19960725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20060725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 12, &amp;quot;Toronto&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Programmer&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Alison&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Mathews&amp;quot;, to_date(&amp;quot;19760321&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19860221&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 66, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;03&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Smith&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19781212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19900315&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 25, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;04&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Celia&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Rice&amp;quot;,    to_date(&amp;quot;19821024&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19990421&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 37, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;05&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Robert&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Black&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19840115&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980808&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 23, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;06&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Linda&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Green&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19870730&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19960104&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 43,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;07&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;David&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Larry&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19901231&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;08&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Cat&amp;quot;,     to_date(&amp;quot;19960917&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20020415&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 12,&amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- display data in the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME            START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason                Martin               25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06         12 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison               Mathews              21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86         66 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
03   James                Smith                12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90         25 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
04   Celia                Rice                 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99         37 Vancouver  Manager&lt;br /&gt;
05   Robert               Black                15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98         23 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
06   Linda                Green                30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96         43 New York   Tester&lt;br /&gt;
07   David                Larry                31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98         78 New York   Manager&lt;br /&gt;
08   James                Cat                  17-SEP-96 15-APR-02         12 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
8 rows selected.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; DECLARE&lt;br /&gt;
  2     v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;&lt;br /&gt;
  3     v_id EMPLOYEE.id%TYPE := &amp;quot;07&amp;quot;;&lt;br /&gt;
  4  BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
  5     SELECT salary&lt;br /&gt;
  6     INTO v_salary&lt;br /&gt;
  7     FROM EMPLOYEE&lt;br /&gt;
  8     WHERE id = v_id;&lt;br /&gt;
  9&lt;br /&gt;
 10     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;Starting salary: &amp;quot;||v_salary);&lt;br /&gt;
 11&lt;br /&gt;
 12     IF v_salary &amp;lt; 40&lt;br /&gt;
 13     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 14        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;less than 40&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 15     ELSIF v_salary BETWEEN 40 AND 50&lt;br /&gt;
 16     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 17        v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10);&lt;br /&gt;
 18&lt;br /&gt;
 19        UPDATE EMPLOYEE&lt;br /&gt;
 20        SET salary = v_salary&lt;br /&gt;
 21        WHERE id = v_id;&lt;br /&gt;
 22     ELSIF v_salary &amp;gt; 50&lt;br /&gt;
 23     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 24        v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10);&lt;br /&gt;
 25&lt;br /&gt;
 26        UPDATE EMPLOYEE&lt;br /&gt;
 27        SET salary = v_salary&lt;br /&gt;
 28        WHERE id = v_id;&lt;br /&gt;
 29     END IF;&lt;br /&gt;
 30&lt;br /&gt;
 31     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;Ending salary: &amp;quot;||v_salary);&lt;br /&gt;
 32&lt;br /&gt;
 33     ROLLBACK;&lt;br /&gt;
 34  EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
 35     WHEN OTHERS&lt;br /&gt;
 36     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 37        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);&lt;br /&gt;
 38        ROLLBACK;&lt;br /&gt;
 39  END;&lt;br /&gt;
 40  /&lt;br /&gt;
Starting salary: 78&lt;br /&gt;
Ending salary: 70.2&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- clean the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Use rollback in PL/SQL==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- create demo table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; create table Employee(&lt;br /&gt;
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    Start_Date         DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  6    End_Date           DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)&lt;br /&gt;
 10  )&lt;br /&gt;
 11  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- prepare data&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2               values (&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Jason&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Martin&amp;quot;,  to_date(&amp;quot;19960725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20060725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1234.56, &amp;quot;Toronto&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Programmer&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Alison&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Mathews&amp;quot;, to_date(&amp;quot;19760321&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19860221&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6661.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- display data in the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; DECLARE&lt;br /&gt;
  2     v_count NUMBER(10) := 0;&lt;br /&gt;
  3&lt;br /&gt;
  4  BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
  5&lt;br /&gt;
  6     SELECT count(1)&lt;br /&gt;
  7     INTO v_count&lt;br /&gt;
  8     FROM employee&lt;br /&gt;
  9     WHERE id = 5;&lt;br /&gt;
 10&lt;br /&gt;
 11     IF v_count = 0&lt;br /&gt;
 12     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 13        INSERT INTO employee (id, first_name, last_name)&lt;br /&gt;
 14        VALUES (5, &amp;quot;Randy&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Stauf&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 15     END IF;&lt;br /&gt;
 16     ROLLBACK;&lt;br /&gt;
 17  EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
 18     WHEN OTHERS&lt;br /&gt;
 19     THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 20        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);&lt;br /&gt;
 21  END;&lt;br /&gt;
 22  /&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- clean the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

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