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2010-05-26T09:58:22Z

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==Create an "AFTER INSERT" Trigger==



<source lang="sql">

SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /
Table created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- AFTER INSERT Trigger
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER employee_after_insert
2 AFTER INSERT
3 ON employee
4 FOR EACH ROW
5
6 DECLARE
7 v_username varchar2(10);
8
9 BEGIN
10 -- Find username of person performing the INSERT into the table
11 SELECT user INTO v_username
12 FROM dual;
13
14 dbms_output.put_line("By: "||v_username);
15 dbms_output.put_line(":new.id: "||:new.id);
16 dbms_output.put_line(":new.first_name: "||:new.first_name);
17 dbms_output.put_line(":new.last_name: "||:new.last_name);
18 dbms_output.put_line(":old.id: "||:old.id);
19 dbms_output.put_line(":old.first_name: "||:old.first_name);
20 dbms_output.put_line(":old.last_name: "||:old.last_name);
21 END;
22 /
Trigger created.
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 01
:new.first_name: Jason
:new.last_name: Martin
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 02
:new.first_name: Alison
:new.last_name: Mathews
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 03
:new.first_name: James
:new.last_name: Smith
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 04
:new.first_name: Celia
:new.last_name: Rice
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 05
:new.first_name: Robert
:new.last_name: Black
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 06
:new.first_name: Linda
:new.last_name: Green
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 07
:new.first_name: David
:new.last_name: Larry
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester")
3 /
By: sqle
:new.id: 08
:new.first_name: James
:new.last_name: Cat
:old.id:
:old.first_name:
:old.last_name:
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester
8 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL>

</source>

==Create an After Row Trigger==



<source lang="sql">

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(
2 EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
5 MGR NUMBER(4),
6 HIREDATE DATE,
7 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
8 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
10 );
Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2, "Jack", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3, "Wil", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(4, "Jane", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(5, "Mary", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(6, "Black", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7, "Chris", "Designer", 9,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(8, "Smart", "Helper", 4,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(9, "Peter", "Manager", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(10, "Take", "Tester", 6,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(13, "Fake", "Helper", 4,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace trigger emp_ar after insert or update or delete
2 on emp for each row
3 begin
4 dbms_output.put_line("...after row (emp)");
5 end;
6 /
Trigger created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Create an After Statement Trigger==



<source lang="sql">

SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT(
2 DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
3 DNAME VARCHAR2(14),
4 LOC VARCHAR2(13)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, "ACCOUNTING", "NEW YORK");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, "RESEARCH", "DALLAS");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, "SALES", "CHICAGO");
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, "OPERATIONS", "BOSTON");
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace trigger deptas
2 after insert or update or delete
3 on dept
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line("after statement (dept)");
6 end;
7 /
Trigger created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> drop table dept;
Table dropped.

</source>

==Use user-defined function in trigger==



<source lang="sql">

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP(
2 EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 JOB VARCHAR2(9),
5 MGR NUMBER(4),
6 HIREDATE DATE,
7 SAL NUMBER(7, 2),
8 COMM NUMBER(7, 2),
9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
10 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7369, "SMITH", "CLERK", 7902,TO_DATE("17-DEC-1980", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 800, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7499, "ALLEN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("20-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1600, 300, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7521, "WARD", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("22-FEB-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 500, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7566, "JONES", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("2-APR-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2975, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7654, "MARTIN", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("28-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1250, 1400, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7698, "BLAKE", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("1-MAY-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2850, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7782, "CLARK", "MANAGER", 7839,TO_DATE("9-JUN-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 2450, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7788, "SCOTT", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("09-DEC-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7839, "KING", "PRESIDENT", NULL,TO_DATE("17-NOV-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 5000, NULL, 10);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7844, "TURNER", "SALESMAN", 7698,TO_DATE("8-SEP-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1500, 0, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, "ADAMS", "CLERK", 7788,TO_DATE("12-JAN-1983", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1100, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, "JAMES", "CLERK", 7698,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 950, NULL, 30);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, "FORD", "ANALYST", 7566,TO_DATE("3-DEC-1981", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 3000, NULL, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934, "MILLER", "CLERK", 7782,TO_DATE("23-JAN-1982", "DD-MON-YYYY"), 1300, NULL, 10);
1 row created.

SQL>
SQL> create or replace procedure sal_check( p_deptno in number)is
2 pragma autonomous_transaction;
3 avg_sal number;
4 max_sal number;
5 begin
6 select avg(sal), max(sal)
7 into avg_sal, max_sal
8 from emp
9 where deptno = p_deptno;
10 if ( max_sal/2 > avg_sal )
11 then
12 raise_application_error(-20001,"Rule violated");
13 end if;
14 end;
15 /

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create or replace trigger sal_trigger
2 after insert or update or delete on emp
3 for each row
4 begin
5 if (inserting or updating) then
6 sal_check(:new.deptno);
7 end if;
8 if (updating or deleting) then
9 sal_check(:old.deptno);
10 end if;
11 end;
12 /
Trigger created.
SQL>
SQL> update emp set sal = sal*1.1;
update emp set sal = sal*1.1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-04091: table sqle.EMP is mutating, trigger/function may not see it
ORA-06512: at "sqle.SAL_CHECK", line 5
ORA-06512: at "sqle.SAL_TRIGGER", line 3
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger "sqle.SAL_TRIGGER"

SQL>
SQL> drop table emp;
Table dropped.

</source>

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в 13:45, 26 мая 2010

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