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		<title>Oracle PL/SQL/PL SQL/Your own Exception - История изменений</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-14T11:14:15Z</updated>
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		<id>http://sqle.ru/index.php?title=Oracle_PL/SQL/PL_SQL/Your_own_Exception&amp;diff=1801&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title> в 13:45, 26 мая 2010</title>
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				<updated>2010-05-26T13:45:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; lang=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Предыдущая&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Версия 13:45, 26 мая 2010&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; lang=&quot;ru&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(нет различий)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
			</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://sqle.ru/index.php?title=Oracle_PL/SQL/PL_SQL/Your_own_Exception&amp;diff=1802&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: 1 версия</title>
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				<updated>2010-05-26T09:59:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 версия&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Новая страница&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Define and use your own exception==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- define and use your own exception&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;  declare&lt;br /&gt;
  2      CHILD_ERROR exception;&lt;br /&gt;
  3    begin&lt;br /&gt;
  4      raise CHILD_ERROR;&lt;br /&gt;
  5    end;&lt;br /&gt;
  6    /&lt;br /&gt;
 declare&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
ERROR at line 1:&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06510: PL/SQL: unhandled user-defined exception&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06512: at line 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
       &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Handling a user-defined exception==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; CREATE TABLE session (&lt;br /&gt;
  2    department       CHAR(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  3    course           NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    description      VARCHAR2(2000),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    max_lecturer     NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  6    current_lecturer NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  7    num_credits      NUMBER(1),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    room_id          NUMBER(5)&lt;br /&gt;
  9    );&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;History 101&amp;quot;, 30, 11, 4, 20000);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot;, 301, &amp;quot;History 301&amp;quot;, 30, 0, 4, 20004);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;CS&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;Computer Science 101&amp;quot;, 50, 0, 4, 20001);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;ECN&amp;quot;, 203, &amp;quot;Economics 203&amp;quot;, 15, 0, 3, 20002);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;CS&amp;quot;, 102, &amp;quot;Computer Science 102&amp;quot;, 35, 3, 4, 20003);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;MUS&amp;quot;, 410, &amp;quot;Music 410&amp;quot;, 5, 4, 3, 20005);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;ECN&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;Economics 101&amp;quot;, 50, 0, 4, 20007);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;NUT&amp;quot;, 307, &amp;quot;Nutrition 307&amp;quot;, 20, 2, 4, 20008);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;MUS&amp;quot;, 100, &amp;quot;Music 100&amp;quot;, 100, 0, 3, NULL);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; CREATE TABLE myLogTable (&lt;br /&gt;
  2    code             NUMBER,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    message          VARCHAR2(200),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    info             VARCHAR2(100)&lt;br /&gt;
  5    );&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; DECLARE&lt;br /&gt;
  2    myException EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  3    studentCount NUMBER(3);&lt;br /&gt;
  4    studentMax NUMBER(3);&lt;br /&gt;
  5  BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
  6    SELECT current_lecturer, max_lecturer&lt;br /&gt;
  7      INTO studentCount, studentMax&lt;br /&gt;
  8      FROM session&lt;br /&gt;
  9      WHERE department = &amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot; AND course = 101;&lt;br /&gt;
 10    IF studentCount &amp;gt; studentMax THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 11      RAISE myException;&lt;br /&gt;
 12    END IF;&lt;br /&gt;
 13  EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
 14    WHEN myException THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 15      INSERT INTO myLogTable (info) VALUES (&amp;quot;History 101 has &amp;quot; || studentCount ||&lt;br /&gt;
 16        &amp;quot;lecturer: max allowed is &amp;quot; || studentMax);&lt;br /&gt;
 17  END;&lt;br /&gt;
 18  /&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table myLogTable;&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table session;&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How to define your own exception==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- User defined exception&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;  begin&lt;br /&gt;
  2      declare --start of nested block&lt;br /&gt;
  3        NESTED_EXCEPTION exception;&lt;br /&gt;
  4      begin&lt;br /&gt;
  5        raise NESTED_EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  6      end; --end of nested block&lt;br /&gt;
  7    exception&lt;br /&gt;
  8      when NESTED_EXCEPTION then&lt;br /&gt;
  9        dbms_output.put_line(&amp;quot;NESTED_EXCEPTION caught!&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 10    end;&lt;br /&gt;
 11    /&lt;br /&gt;
    when NESTED_EXCEPTION then&lt;br /&gt;
         *&lt;br /&gt;
ERROR at line 8:&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06550: line 8, column 10:&lt;br /&gt;
PLS-00201: identifier &amp;quot;NESTED_EXCEPTION&amp;quot; must be declared&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06550: line 0, column 0:&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
       &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Insert Exception message to an audit table==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- log exception to log&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; create table Employee(&lt;br /&gt;
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(4 BYTE)         NOT NULL,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    Start_Date         DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  6    End_Date           DATE,&lt;br /&gt;
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),&lt;br /&gt;
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)&lt;br /&gt;
 10  )&lt;br /&gt;
 11  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- prepare data&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2               values (&amp;quot;01&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Jason&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Martin&amp;quot;,  to_date(&amp;quot;19960725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20060725&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1234.56, &amp;quot;Toronto&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Programmer&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;02&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Alison&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Mathews&amp;quot;, to_date(&amp;quot;19760321&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19860221&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6661.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;03&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Smith&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19781212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19900315&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 6544.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;04&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Celia&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Rice&amp;quot;,    to_date(&amp;quot;19821024&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19990421&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2344.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;05&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Robert&amp;quot;,   &amp;quot;Black&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19840115&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980808&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 2334.78, &amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;06&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;Linda&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Green&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19870730&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19960104&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 4322.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;07&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;David&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Larry&amp;quot;,   to_date(&amp;quot;19901231&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;19980212&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 7897.78,&amp;quot;New York&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Manager&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)&lt;br /&gt;
  2                values(&amp;quot;08&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;James&amp;quot;,    &amp;quot;Cat&amp;quot;,     to_date(&amp;quot;19960917&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), to_date(&amp;quot;20020415&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;YYYYMMDD&amp;quot;), 1232.78,&amp;quot;Vancouver&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tester&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
  3  /&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- display data in the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; select * from Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION&lt;br /&gt;
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------&lt;br /&gt;
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer&lt;br /&gt;
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager&lt;br /&gt;
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester&lt;br /&gt;
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager&lt;br /&gt;
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester&lt;br /&gt;
8 rows selected.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;     CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_new_employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2          (employee_id_in IN NUMBER, salary_in IN NUMBER)&lt;br /&gt;
  3      IS&lt;br /&gt;
  4          no_salary EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  5&lt;br /&gt;
  6      BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
  7          IF salary_in = 0 THEN&lt;br /&gt;
  8              RAISE no_salary;&lt;br /&gt;
  9          ELSE&lt;br /&gt;
 10              INSERT INTO employee (id, salary ) VALUES ( employee_id_in, salary_in );&lt;br /&gt;
 11      END IF;&lt;br /&gt;
 12&lt;br /&gt;
 13      EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
 14           WHEN no_salary THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 15             raise_application_error (-20001,&amp;quot;You must have salary in order to insert the employee.&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 16&lt;br /&gt;
 17  &lt;br /&gt;
 18    &lt;br /&gt;
 19&lt;br /&gt;
 20      END;&lt;br /&gt;
 21      /&lt;br /&gt;
Procedure created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; exec add_new_employee(&amp;quot;99&amp;quot;,0);&lt;br /&gt;
BEGIN add_new_employee(&amp;quot;99&amp;quot;,0); END;&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
ERROR at line 1:&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-20001: You must have salary in order to insert the employee.&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06512: at &amp;quot;sqle.ADD_NEW_EMPLOYEE&amp;quot;, line 15&lt;br /&gt;
ORA-06512: at line 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; -- clean the table&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table Employee&lt;br /&gt;
  2  /&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
       &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Raise User-defined exceptions==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; DECLARE&lt;br /&gt;
  2    myException EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  3  BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
  4&lt;br /&gt;
  5      RAISE myException;&lt;br /&gt;
  6&lt;br /&gt;
  7      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;This enrollment has been deleted&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
  8  EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
  9&lt;br /&gt;
 10   WHEN myException THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 11    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;This enrollment is already confirmed&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 12    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&amp;quot;It cannot be deleted&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 13  END;&lt;br /&gt;
 14&lt;br /&gt;
 15  /&lt;br /&gt;
This enrollment is already confirmed&lt;br /&gt;
It cannot be deleted&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
           &lt;br /&gt;
       &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==used defined exception==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;  declare&lt;br /&gt;
  2        NESTED_EXCEPTION exception;&lt;br /&gt;
  3   begin&lt;br /&gt;
  4&lt;br /&gt;
  5        raise NESTED_EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  6&lt;br /&gt;
  7    exception&lt;br /&gt;
  8&lt;br /&gt;
  9      when NESTED_EXCEPTION then&lt;br /&gt;
 10        dbms_output.put_line(&amp;quot;NESTED_EXCEPTION caught!&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 11    end;&lt;br /&gt;
 12    /&lt;br /&gt;
NESTED_EXCEPTION caught!&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Using SQLCODE and SQLERRM==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;!-- start source code --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;sql&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; CREATE TABLE session (&lt;br /&gt;
  2    department       CHAR(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  3    course           NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    description      VARCHAR2(2000),&lt;br /&gt;
  5    max_lecturer     NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  6    current_lecturer NUMBER(3),&lt;br /&gt;
  7    num_credits      NUMBER(1),&lt;br /&gt;
  8    room_id          NUMBER(5)&lt;br /&gt;
  9    );&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;History 101&amp;quot;, 30, 11, 4, 20000);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot;, 301, &amp;quot;History 301&amp;quot;, 30, 0, 4, 20004);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;CS&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;Computer Science 101&amp;quot;, 50, 0, 4, 20001);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;ECN&amp;quot;, 203, &amp;quot;Economics 203&amp;quot;, 15, 0, 3, 20002);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;CS&amp;quot;, 102, &amp;quot;Computer Science 102&amp;quot;, 35, 3, 4, 20003);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;MUS&amp;quot;, 410, &amp;quot;Music 410&amp;quot;, 5, 4, 3, 20005);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;ECN&amp;quot;, 101, &amp;quot;Economics 101&amp;quot;, 50, 0, 4, 20007);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;NUT&amp;quot;, 307, &amp;quot;Nutrition 307&amp;quot;, 20, 2, 4, 20008);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; INSERT INTO session(department, course, description, max_lecturer, current_lecturer, num_credits, room_id)&lt;br /&gt;
  2              VALUES (&amp;quot;MUS&amp;quot;, 100, &amp;quot;Music 100&amp;quot;, 100, 0, 3, NULL);&lt;br /&gt;
1 row created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; CREATE TABLE myLogTable (&lt;br /&gt;
  2    code             NUMBER,&lt;br /&gt;
  3    message          VARCHAR2(200),&lt;br /&gt;
  4    info             VARCHAR2(100)&lt;br /&gt;
  5    );&lt;br /&gt;
Table created.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; DECLARE&lt;br /&gt;
  2    myException EXCEPTION;&lt;br /&gt;
  3    studentCount NUMBER(3);&lt;br /&gt;
  4    studentMax NUMBER(3);&lt;br /&gt;
  5&lt;br /&gt;
  6    v_ErrorCode NUMBER;&lt;br /&gt;
  7    v_ErrorText VARCHAR2(200);&lt;br /&gt;
  8&lt;br /&gt;
  9  BEGIN&lt;br /&gt;
 10    SELECT current_lecturer, max_lecturer&lt;br /&gt;
 11      INTO studentCount, studentMax&lt;br /&gt;
 12      FROM session&lt;br /&gt;
 13      WHERE department = &amp;quot;HIS&amp;quot; AND course = 101;&lt;br /&gt;
 14    IF studentCount &amp;gt; studentMax THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 15      RAISE myException;&lt;br /&gt;
 16    END IF;&lt;br /&gt;
 17  EXCEPTION&lt;br /&gt;
 18    WHEN myException THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 19      INSERT INTO myLogTable (info) VALUES (&amp;quot;History 101 has &amp;quot; || studentCount ||&lt;br /&gt;
 20        &amp;quot;lecturer: max allowed is &amp;quot; || studentMax);&lt;br /&gt;
 21    WHEN OTHERS THEN&lt;br /&gt;
 22      v_ErrorCode := SQLCODE;&lt;br /&gt;
 23      v_ErrorText := SUBSTR(SQLERRM, 1, 200);  -- Note the use of SUBSTR here.&lt;br /&gt;
 24      INSERT INTO myLogTable (code, message, info) VALUES&lt;br /&gt;
 25        (v_ErrorCode, v_ErrorText, &amp;quot;Oracle error occurred&amp;quot;);&lt;br /&gt;
 26  END;&lt;br /&gt;
 27  /&lt;br /&gt;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table session;&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt; drop table myLogTable;&lt;br /&gt;
Table dropped.&lt;br /&gt;
SQL&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

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