Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial/PL SQL Data Types/Column Type
Column type variable
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 1234.56, "Toronto", "Programmer") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 6661.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 6544.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 2344.78, "Vancouver","Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 2334.78, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 4322.78,"New York", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 7897.78,"New York", "Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 1232.78,"Vancouver", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_count
2 AS 3 v_first_name employee.first_name%TYPE; 4 v_last_name employee.last_name%TYPE; 5 v_row_count PLS_INTEGER := 0; 6 7 CURSOR emp_cur IS 8 SELECT first_name, last_name 9 FROM employee; 10 11 BEGIN 12 13 DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(1000000); 14 15 OPEN emp_cur; 16 LOOP 17 FETCH emp_cur INTO v_first_name, v_last_name; 18 EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND; 19 20 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_last_name ||", " ||v_first_name); 21 END LOOP; 22 23 CLOSE emp_cur; 24 25 EXCEPTION 26 WHEN OTHERS 27 THEN 28 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); 29 END; 30 /
Procedure created. SQL> SQL> SQL> call employee_count(); Martin, Jason Mathews, Alison Smith, James Rice, Celia Black, Robert Green, Linda Larry, David Cat, James Call completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>
Select value into Define column type variable
<source lang="sql">
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /
Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ("01","Jason", "Martin", to_date("19960725","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20060725","YYYYMMDD"), 12, "Toronto", "Programmer") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("02","Alison", "Mathews", to_date("19760321","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19860221","YYYYMMDD"), 66, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("03","James", "Smith", to_date("19781212","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19900315","YYYYMMDD"), 25, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("04","Celia", "Rice", to_date("19821024","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19990421","YYYYMMDD"), 37, "Vancouver","Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("05","Robert", "Black", to_date("19840115","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980808","YYYYMMDD"), 23, "Vancouver","Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("06","Linda", "Green", to_date("19870730","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19960104","YYYYMMDD"), 43,"New York", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("07","David", "Larry", to_date("19901231","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("19980212","YYYYMMDD"), 78,"New York", "Manager") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values("08","James", "Cat", to_date("19960917","YYYYMMDD"), to_date("20020415","YYYYMMDD"), 12,"Vancouver", "Tester") 3 /
1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 12 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 66 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 25 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 37 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 23 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 43 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 12 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> DECLARE
2 v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE; 3 v_id EMPLOYEE.id%TYPE := "07"; 4 BEGIN 5 SELECT salary 6 INTO v_salary 7 FROM EMPLOYEE 8 WHERE id = v_id; 9 10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Starting salary: "||v_salary); 11 12 IF v_salary < 40 13 THEN 14 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("less than 40"); 15 ELSIF v_salary BETWEEN 40 AND 50 16 THEN 17 v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10); 18 19 UPDATE EMPLOYEE 20 SET salary = v_salary 21 WHERE id = v_id; 22 ELSIF v_salary > 50 23 THEN 24 v_salary := v_salary - (v_salary * .10); 25 26 UPDATE EMPLOYEE 27 SET salary = v_salary 28 WHERE id = v_id; 29 END IF; 30 31 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("Ending salary: "||v_salary); 32 33 ROLLBACK; 34 EXCEPTION 35 WHEN OTHERS 36 THEN 37 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); 38 ROLLBACK; 39 END; 40 /
Starting salary: 78 Ending salary: 70.2 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee
2 /
Table dropped.</source>